{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T18:07:09Z","timestamp":1786644429768,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,7]],"date-time":"2024-06-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717718400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022YFF0801904"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFF0801904"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DA1217\/4\u20101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DA1217\/4\u20101"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Global Change Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Nitrogen oxides (NO<jats:sub>x<\/jats:sub>) play an important role for atmospheric chemistry and radiative forcing. However, NO<jats:sub>x<\/jats:sub> emissions from the vast northern circumpolar permafrost regions have not been studied in\u00a0situ due to limitations of measurement techniques. Our goals were to validate the offline analytical technique, and based on this, to widely quantify in\u00a0situ NO<jats:sub>x<\/jats:sub> emissions from peatlands in the southern Eurasian permafrost region. To this end, we conducted a comparison of online and offline flux measurements in 2018 and 2019 using the synthetic air flushing, steady\u2010state opaque chamber method. With differences in annual average and cumulative fluxes less than 0.1\u2009\u03bcg\u2009N\u2009m<jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>\u2009h<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> and 0.01\u2009kg\u2009N\u2009ha<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\u2009year<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>, the online and offline fluxes were in good agreement, demonstrating the feasibility of conducting offline measurements in remote regions without power supply. The flux measurements over 2\u2009years showed obvious NO<jats:sub>x<\/jats:sub> emissions of 0.05\u20130.14 and 0.13\u20130.30\u2009kg\u2009N\u2009ha<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\u2009year<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> in the hollow and hummock microtopography of permafrost peatlands, respectively. The rapid expansion of alder (<jats:italic>Alnus sibirica<\/jats:italic>) in the peatlands induced by permafrost degradation significantly increased soil mineral N contents and NO<jats:sub>x<\/jats:sub> emissions depending on the age of alder (0.64\u20131.74 and 1.44\u20132.20\u2009kg\u2009N\u2009ha<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\u2009year<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> from the alder forests with tree ages of 1\u201310\u2009years and 11\u201320\u2009years, respectively). Alder expansion also intensively altered the thermal state of permafrost including the sharp increases of soil temperatures during the non\u2010growing season from October to April and active layer thickness. This study provides the first in\u00a0situ evidences of NO<jats:sub>x<\/jats:sub> emissions from the northern circumpolar permafrost regions and uncovers the well\u2010documented expansion of alders can substantially stimulate NO<jats:sub>x<\/jats:sub> emissions and thus, significantly affect air quality, radiative forcing, and ecosystem productivity in the pristine regions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.17368","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,7]],"date-time":"2024-06-07T12:07:56Z","timestamp":1717762076000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Alder expansion stimulates nitrogen oxide (NO<sub>x<\/sub>) emissions from southern Eurasian permafrost peatlands"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6932-8520","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chunyan","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"},{"name":"College of Earth and Planetary Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongyu","family":"Yue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6242-2426","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhisheng","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"},{"name":"College of Earth and Planetary Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5547-0849","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuepeng","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xianwei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology Chinese Academy of Sciences  Changchun China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Changchun","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology Chinese Academy of Sciences  Changchun China"},{"name":"School of Hydraulic Engineering Dalian University of Technology  Dalian China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9499-6598","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Klaus","family":"Butterbach\u2010Bahl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Atmospheric Environmental Research (IMK\u2010IFU) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)  Garmisch\u2010Partenkirchen Germany"},{"name":"Department of Agroecology, Center for Landscape Research in Sustainable Agricultural Futures, Land\u2010CRAFT Aarhus University  Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5924-7612","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Dannenmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Atmospheric Environmental Research (IMK\u2010IFU) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)  Garmisch\u2010Partenkirchen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1748\u20109326\/ac4f8e"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/amt\u20105\u2010955\u20102012"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","unstructured":"Brown J. 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