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Vessel noise is a global threat to marine ecosystems and is increasing in intensity and spatiotemporal extent due to growth in shipping coupled with physical changes to ocean soundscapes from ocean warming and acidification. Odontocetes rely on biosonar to forage, yet determining the consequences of vessel noise on foraging has been limited by the challenges of observing underwater foraging outcomes and measuring noise levels received by individuals. To address these challenges, we leveraged a unique acoustic and movement dataset from 25 animal\u2010borne biologging tags temporarily attached to individuals from two populations of fish\u2010eating killer whales (<jats:italic>Orcinus orca<\/jats:italic>) in highly transited coastal waters to (1) test for the effects of vessel noise on foraging behaviors\u2014searching (slow\u2010click echolocation), pursuit (buzzes), and capture and (2) investigate the mechanism of interference. For every 1\u2009dB increase in maximum noise level, there was a 4% increase in the odds of searching for prey by both sexes, a 58% decrease in the odds of pursuit by females and a 12.5% decrease in the odds of prey capture by both sexes. Moreover, all but one deep (\u226575\u2009m) foraging attempt with noise \u2265110\u2009dB re 1\u2009\u03bcPa (15\u201345\u2009kHz band; <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20096 dives by <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20094 whales) resulted in failed prey capture. These responses are consistent with an auditory masking mechanism. Our findings demonstrate the effects of vessel noise across multiple phases of odontocete foraging, underscoring the importance of managing anthropogenic inputs into soundscapes to achieve conservation objectives for acoustically sensitive species. While the timescales for recovering depleted prey species may span decades, these findings suggest that complementary actions to reduce ocean noise in the short term offer a critical pathway for recovering odontocete foraging opportunities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.17490","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,10]],"date-time":"2024-09-10T12:25:20Z","timestamp":1725971120000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Males miss and females forgo: Auditory masking from vessel noise impairs foraging efficiency and success in killer whales"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1303-415X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennifer B.","family":"Tennessen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Ecosystem Sentinels, Department of Biology University of Washington  Seattle Washington USA"},{"name":"Conservation Biology Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4153-1484","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marla M.","family":"Holt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Conservation Biology Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1243-4415","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brianna M.","family":"Wright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pacific Biological Station, Fisheries and Oceans Canada  Nanaimo British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. 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