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Yet, the overall direction and intensity of soil priming remains under debate. A second\u2010order meta\u2010analysis was performed with 9296\u2010paired observations from 363 primary studies to determine the intensity and general direction of priming effects depending on the compound type, nutrient availability, and ecosystem type. We found that fresh carbon inputs induced positive priming effects (+37%) in 97% of paired observations. Labile compounds induced larger priming effects (+73%) than complex organic compounds (+33%). Nutrients (e.g., N, P) added with organic compounds reduced the intensity of priming effects compared to compounds without N and P, reflecting \u201cnutrient mining from soil organic matter\u201d as one of the main mechanisms of priming effects. Notably, tundra, lakebeds, wetlands, and volcanic soils showed much larger priming effects (+125%) compared to soils under forests, croplands, and grasslands (+24\u2026+32%). Our findings highlight that positive priming effects are predominant in most soils at a global scale. Optimizing strategies to incorporate fresh organic matter and nutrients is urgently needed to offset the priming\u2010induced accelerated organic carbon turnover and possible losses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.17502","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,10]],"date-time":"2024-09-10T01:29:28Z","timestamp":1725931768000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":76,"title":["Positive soil priming effects are the rule at a global scale"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0534-0835","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shengwen","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Environmental Ecology and Engineering, School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering Wuhan Institute of Technology  Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6499-576X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel","family":"Delgado\u2010Baquerizo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Biodiversidad y Funcionamiento Ecosist\u00e9mico Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiolog\u00eda de Sevilla (IRNAS), CSIC  Sevilla Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9863-8461","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yakov","family":"Kuzyakov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural Soil Science, Department of Soil Science of Temperate Ecosystems University of G\u00f6ttingen  G\u00f6ttingen Germany"},{"name":"Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University)  Moscow Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-5027-3474","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yan","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Environmental Ecology and Engineering, School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering Wuhan Institute of Technology  Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7026-769X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lihu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Environmental Ecology and Engineering, School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering Wuhan Institute of Technology  Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9807-6844","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuyi","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubei Key Laboratory of Wetland Evolution &amp; 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