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Estuarine freshwater wetlands face unique challenges from fluctuating water levels, which influence water quality, vegetation, and carbon cycling. However, the response of CH\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    fluxes and their drivers to altered hydrology and vegetation remains unclear, hindering mechanistic modeling. To address these knowledge gaps, we studied an estuarine freshwater wetland in the Great Lakes region, where rising water levels led to a vegetation shift from emergent\n                    <jats:italic>Typha<\/jats:italic>\n                    dominance in 2015\u20132016 to floating\u2010leaved species in 2020\u20132022. Using eddy covariance flux measurements during the peak growing season (June\u2013September) of both periods, we observed a 60% decrease in CH\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    emissions, from 81\u2009\u00b1\u20094\u2009g C m\n                    <jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>\n                    in 2015\u20132016 to 31\u2009\u00b1\u20093\u2009g C m\n                    <jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>\n                    in 2020\u20132022. This decline was driven by two main factors: (1) higher water levels, which suppressed ebullitive fluxes via increased hydrostatic pressure and extended CH\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    residence time, enhancing oxidation potential in the water column; and (2) reduced CH\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    conductance through plants. Net carbon dioxide (CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) uptake decreased by 90%, from \u2212267\u2009\u00b1\u200926\u2009g C m\n                    <jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>\n                    in 2015\u20132016 to \u221227\u2009\u00b1\u200949\u2009g C m\n                    <jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>\n                    in 2020\u20132022. Additionally, diel CH\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    flux patterns shifted, with a distinct morning peak observed in 2015\u20132016 but absent in 2020\u20132022, suggesting changes in plant\u2010mediated transport and a potential decoupling from photosynthesis. The dominant factors influencing CH\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    fluxes shifted from water temperature and gross primary productivity in 2015\u20132016 to atmospheric pressure in 2020\u20132022, suggesting an increased role of ebullition as a primary transport pathway. Our results demonstrate that changes in water levels and vegetation can substantially alter CH\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    and CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    fluxes in coastal freshwater wetlands, underscoring the critical role of hydrological shifts in driving carbon dynamics in these ecosystems.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.70053","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T04:44:08Z","timestamp":1738385048000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Rising Water Levels and Vegetation Shifts Drive Substantial Reductions in Methane Emissions and Carbon Dioxide Uptake in a Great Lakes Coastal Freshwater Wetland"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8733-6484","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angela Che Ing","family":"Tang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Sciences University of Toledo  Toledo Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9209-9540","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gil","family":"Bohrer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil, Environmental and Geodetic Engineering The Ohio State University  Columbus Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7850-6402","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Avni","family":"Malhotra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pacific Northwest National Laboratory  Richland Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6448-0694","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Justine","family":"Missik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil, Environmental and Geodetic Engineering The Ohio State University  Columbus Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2165-3284","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fausto","family":"Machado\u2010Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Sciences University of Toledo  Toledo Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0632-7317","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Inke","family":"Forbrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Sciences University of Toledo  Toledo Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11258\u2010007\u20109289\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010017\u201001753\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13280\u2010013\u20100424\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2020JG005777"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2024.119907"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2017.11.163"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.12131"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","unstructured":"Bohrer G. andJ.Kerns.2024. \u201cAmeriFlux BASE US\u2010OWC Old Woman Creek Ver. 5\u20105 AmeriFlux AMP (Dataset).\u201dhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.17190\/AMF\/1418679."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","volume-title":"Structural Equation Modeling With AMOS: Basic Concepts, Applications, and Programming","author":"Byrne B. 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