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Previous studies indicate that the emerging trend towards rainfall regimes with longer dry and wet spells negatively affects forage grass performance (i.e., greater physiological plant stress and yield loss) in Western Europe. We conducted a 120\u2010day open\u2010air experiment testing whether a hot summer (+3\u00b0C for the first 60\u2009days) exacerbates the negative effects of increased persistence in precipitation regimes (PR) (3 vs. 30\u2009days consecutive wet\/dry) on the performance of four distinct forage varieties (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Dactylis glomerata<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Festuca arundinacea<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Lolium perenne<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    (tetraploid) and\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Lolium perenne<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    (diploid)) across two soils differing in management history (permanent vs. temporary grasslands). Our results indicate that climate warming indeed worsens negative effects of more persistent PR on forage grass productivity and physiological plant stress by inducing more extreme soil drought and elevated micro\u2010climatic temperatures, but permanent grassland soils with elevated organic carbon can buffer yields. Moreover, higher yielding varieties that are more proficient at buffering soil surface and canopy temperatures and maintaining plant greenness and stomatal opening under water shortage and elevated temperatures (\n                    <jats:italic>Dactylis<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Festuca<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) were impacted less than those which could not (both\n                    <jats:italic>Lolium<\/jats:italic>\n                    cultivars). These results indicate that not only differences in resource\u2010extraction traits but also the ability of a species to buffer its surrounding microclimatic conditions shapes its response to future climate change. Given the indirect positive effects such temperature\u2010buffering traits may have on soil functioning (e.g., reduced soil respiration during heat waves limiting carbon loss), we argue that managers should also incorporate such traits when developing climate\u2010proof forage grasslands.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.70078","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,7]],"date-time":"2025-02-07T06:40:07Z","timestamp":1738910407000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Turning Up the Heat: More Persistent Precipitation Regimes Weaken the Micro\u2010Climate Buffering Capacity of Forage Grasses During a Hot Summer"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4690-0955","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simon","family":"Reynaert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Plants and Ecosystems (PLECO), Department of Biology University of Antwerp  Wilrijk Belgium"},{"name":"Meise Botanic Garden  Meise Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3111-680X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ivan","family":"Nijs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plants and Ecosystems (PLECO), Department of Biology University of Antwerp  Wilrijk Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tommy","family":"D'Hose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Flanders Research Institute for Agricultural, Food and Fisheries Research (ILVO)  Merelbeke Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7015-1515","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erik","family":"Verbruggen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plants and Ecosystems (PLECO), Department of Biology University of Antwerp  Wilrijk Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jutte","family":"Callaerts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plants and Ecosystems (PLECO), Department of Biology University of Antwerp  Wilrijk Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2180-8837","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hans J.","family":"De Boeck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plants and Ecosystems (PLECO), Department of Biology University of Antwerp  Wilrijk Belgium"},{"name":"School of Ecology and Environment Science Yunnan University  Kunming China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010021\u201085764\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.1406.5823"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1748\u20109326\/acd4d3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365\u20102486.2008.01681.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soilbio.2019.01.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/geb.13830"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/pp9800089"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/gfs.12102"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11104\u2010016\u20103034\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy10122016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.13601"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469\u20108137.2010.03515.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2018.01586"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/bg\u20108\u20101121\u20102011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ppees.2016.12.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jac.12168"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s42106\u2010020\u201000088\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.15480"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469\u20108137.1984.tb03548.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.1501392"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agrformet.2021.108565"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ppl.12891"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/11263504.2020.1727987"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agee.2016.11.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1890\/0012\u20109658(2000)081[2686:Biaslc]2.0.Co;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.16081"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41561\u2010023\u201001338\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00224561.1994.12456850"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","unstructured":"Hyndman 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