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Comprehensive understanding of coastal vegetation dynamics is crucial for sustaining the ecological and biogeochemical functions of coastal ecosystems. Despite the considerable influence of land cover change (LCC) on vegetation greenness, quantifying this impact along the rapidly developing Chinese coasts amid significant social and economic changes over the past decades remains inadequately addressed. In this study, using moderate\u2010resolution Landsat\u2010based Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), we found that LCC generally reduced the vegetation greenness and shifted the environment\u2010driven greening towards browning in coastal China over the past three decades. Compared to \u2018<jats:italic>Stable Land Cover areas<\/jats:italic>\u2019, <jats:italic>\u2018Land Cover Change areas\u2019<\/jats:italic> exhibited a 23% decrease in greening proportion and a 39% increase in browning proportion. Urbanization occurring in coastal regions during 1992\u20132018 dominated the browning effect over 29% of \u2018<jats:italic>LCC areas<\/jats:italic>\u2019, which outweighed the greening effect of climate change, CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> fertilization, and nitrogen enrichment. This negative effect of urbanization on coastal vegetation was scarcely compensated by afforestation, despite the concurrent implementation of the National Coastal Shelterbelt System Construction Project (NCSSCP). The coastal afforestation area under the green scenario (SSP1\u20102.6) during 2030\u20132060 is projected to be substantially higher than that of the past 30\u2009years. It is expected to mitigate the negative effect of LCC on coastal vegetation greenness and enhance coastal ecosystem sustainability through ecological conservation policies, particularly forest restoration in the coastal zone of China. Furthermore, the insights derived from satellite observations in this study will serve as fundamental information for representing the coastal vegetation in the next generation of Earth system models (ESMs), enhancing the predictions related to future coastal ecosystem function and adaptation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.70134","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,27]],"date-time":"2025-03-27T05:37:15Z","timestamp":1743053835000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Three Decades of Land Cover Changes Shifted Environment\u2010Driven Greening Towards Browning in Coastal China"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Yige","family":"Liang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Marine Life Sciences Ocean University of China  Qingdao China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0481-7192","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yan","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Marine Life Sciences Ocean University of China  Qingdao China"},{"name":"Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Ministry of Education Peking University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5235-5194","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zaichun","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Urban Planning and Design, Shenzhen Graduate School Peking University  Shenzhen China"},{"name":"Institute of Carbon Neutrality Peking University  Beijing China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Human\u2013Earth Relations, Ministry of Natural Resources of China, Shenzhen Graduate School Peking University  Shenzhen China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4202-8071","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuanyuan","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8057-2292","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shilong","family":"Piao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Carbon Neutrality Peking University  Beijing China"},{"name":"Sino\u2010French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences Peking University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecss.2007.08.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/su14148952"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12857"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","volume-title":"GLDAS Noah Land Surface Model L4 Monthly 0.25 \u00d7\u20090.25 Degree V2.0","author":"Beaudoing H.","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","volume-title":"GLDAS Noah Land Surface Model L4 Monthly 0.25 \u00d7\u20090.25 Degree V2.1","author":"Beaudoing H.","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.16121"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010020\u201018479\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1010933404324"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586\u2010018\u20100280\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev\u2010earth\u2010042711\u2010105511"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nclimate2153"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2022EF002788"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41893\u2010019\u20100220\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.03.139"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s43247\u2010023\u201001044\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoser.2017.09.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.srs.2023.100103"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s43016\u2010021\u201000384\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1606036114"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","volume-title":"NCAR CESM2\u2010WACCM Model Output Prepared for CMIP6 ScenarioMIP ssp126. 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