{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T13:36:51Z","timestamp":1778938611991,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":89,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,8]],"date-time":"2025-04-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744070400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100022673","name":"Forest Growers Levy Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["C04X2002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C04X2002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100022673","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003524","name":"Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003524","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Global Change Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Increased aridity is emerging as a key impact of climate change in terrestrial ecosystems globally. Forest biomes are particularly vulnerable to the impacts of changing environmental conditions due to their long\u2010lived and sessile nature. Microbiomes have coevolved with plants under changing environmental conditions with shared fitness outcomes. However, both the movement of plants via domestication and rapid pace of environmental change may impact the ability of plants to recruit microbial symbionts that support environmental stress tolerance. This study investigates the effects of aridity on tree\u2010root microbiome symbiosis, focusing on the widely planted <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>Pinus radiata<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>. By sampling a broad geographic range and diverse environmental gradients, we reveal how aridity, soil and climatic variables shape microbial communities in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>P. radiata<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> roots and soils. Our findings highlight that while aridity significantly predicts microbial community assembly, other environmental variables such as soil pH and organic carbon, strongly influence bacterial diversity. Groups of both bacterial and fungal taxa were identified as conditionally present with aridity, underscoring their importance in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>P. radiata<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> resilience under increasingly environmental stress. Based on the transition of current mesic ecosystems to arid conditions under climate change, we found these arid associated taxa vary in their frequency in bulk soils projected to become arid. These results highlight the risk that these taxa will need to be recruited by other means. Ecological filtering by the host and environmental conditions fosters a \u201cfriends with benefits\u201d relationship, wherein certain microbial taxa provide key benefits, such as extension of phenotypic tolerance to water limitation, to the host. Both bacterial and fungal communities are shaped more by stochastic than deterministic assembly processes, suggesting a complex interplay of host and environmental factors in community structure formation. The insights gained have implications for understanding the resilience of tree species and the ecosystem services they provide under future climate scenarios.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.70165","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,9]],"date-time":"2025-04-09T02:26:47Z","timestamp":1744165607000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Unravelling Changes in the <i>Pinus radiata<\/i> Root and Soil Microbiomes as a Function of Aridity"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3633-8401","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah L.","family":"Addison","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Scion  Rotorua New Zealand"},{"name":"Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment Western Sydney University, Hawkesbury Campus  Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Global Centre for Land\u2010Based Innovation Western Sydney University, Hawkesbury Campus  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhen\u2010Zhen","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment Western Sydney University, Hawkesbury Campus  Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Global Centre for Land\u2010Based Innovation Western Sydney University, Hawkesbury Campus  Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Australian Rivers Institution and School of Environment and Science Griffith University  Nathan Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5322-2075","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tom","family":"Carlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scion  Christchurch New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Megan A.","family":"R\u00faa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences Wright State University  Dayton Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Simeon J.","family":"Smaill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scion  Christchurch New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kaitlyn","family":"Daley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scion  Rotorua New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4413-4185","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brajesh K.","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment Western Sydney University, Hawkesbury Campus  Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Global Centre for Land\u2010Based Innovation Western Sydney University, Hawkesbury Campus  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Steve A.","family":"Wakelin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scion  Christchurch New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","unstructured":"Abarenkov A. K. Z. T.Piirmann R.P\u00f6h\u00f6nen F.Ivanov H. R.Nilsson andU.K\u00f5ljalg.2024.\u201cUNITE General FASTA Release for Fungi 2. UNITE Community.\u201d"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1094\/PBIOMES\u201009\u201022\u20100060\u2010R"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tplants.2024.03.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","unstructured":"Addison S. L. Z.\u2010Z.Yan T.Carlin et\u00a0al.2025.Bioclimatic Chemical Variables ASV Count and Taxonomy Tables for 16S and ITS Data. Dryad. [dataset].https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5061\/dryad.6q573n688."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2017.09.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2136\/vzj2006.0068"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adf2027"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","volume-title":"PERMANOVA+ for Primer User Manual","author":"Anderson M.","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.18015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aay5958"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2435.13962"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-294X.2010.04804.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-65018-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2017.03.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.3869"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2019.07.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nclimate1633"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ldr.3453"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1462-2920.13642"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/sg-2009-0004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/joc.5086"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro.2017.87"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1461-0248.2009.01360.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/femsec\/fiy071"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00248-017-1055-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11104-024-06626-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/plants11111511"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/BCJ20180615"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","article-title":"Biodiversity Change is Uncoupled From Species Richness Trends\u2013Consequences for Conservation and Monitoring","volume":"55","author":"Hillebrand H.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Ecology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsoil.2024.105514"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-25641-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6941.2012.01437.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.01622"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6941.2011.01192.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.2676"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soilbio.2008.05.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","volume-title":"Pinus radiata: A Narrow Endemic From North America Takes on the World","author":"Lavery P. B.","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/msystems.01042-23"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-17041-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-28448-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.00063-16"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"L\u00f3pez J. N.Pappas S. W. M.Poppeliers et\u00a0al.2022.\u201cCopiotrophs Dominate Rhizosphere Microbiomes and Growth Rate Potential Is a Major Factor Explaining the Rhizosphere Effect.\u201dBioRxiv.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41396\u2010023\u201001453\u20106.","DOI":"10.1101\/2022.11.24.517860"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1516684112"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02220-20"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1462-2920.15764"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.15493"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0061217"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.14385.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2017.02223"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2017.118"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.funeco.2015.06.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-18560-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.17295"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_55_1","unstructured":"Oksanen J. G.Simpson F.Blanchet et\u00a0al.2024.\u201cVegan: Community Ecology Package (Version 2.6\u20106.1).\u201d"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jam.15686"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1462-2920.13023"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/oik.08451"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.00026-20"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_60_1","unstructured":"R Core Team.2024.\u201cR: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing.\u201dhttps:\/\/www.R\u2010project.org\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/omi.12434"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1313731110"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-018-0457-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010024\u201062815\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/saj2.20009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/geb.12070"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adq2654"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms11973"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-023-00900-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_70_1","volume-title":"Mycorrhizal Symbiosis","author":"Smith S. E.","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-37565-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ele.12828"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2013.93"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jbi.13802"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1256688"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00572-009-0274-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.16398"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature24621"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.18016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-13164-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.70009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soilbio.2007.10.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2023.110342"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00062-07"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.174812"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_86_1","first-page":"315","article-title":"Amplification and Direct Sequencing of Fungal Ribosomal RNA Genes for Phylogenetics","volume":"18","author":"White T. J.","year":"1990","journal-title":"PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.744897"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2019.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1717308115"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41597-022-01493-1"}],"container-title":["Global Change Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/gcb.70165","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,22]],"date-time":"2025-08-22T10:37:39Z","timestamp":1755859059000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/gcb.70165"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"references-count":89,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/gcb.70165"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/gcb.70165","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1354-1013","1365-2486"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1354-1013","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2486","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-01-15","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-03-09","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-04-08","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70165"}}