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Disturbance can cause animal populations to decline and, according to the risk\u2010disturbance hypothesis and population collapse framework, these declines can be predicted by declines in animal body condition. However, no research has empirically examined the general relationship between body condition and abundance, nor their relationship in response to disturbance. We used a combined dataset representing 33 studies and &gt;\u200942,000 observations of 75 species from Australia, New Zealand, Spain and the United States of America to test predictions relating to the relationship between reptile body condition and abundance. We first investigated the relationship at the site level and then used meta\u2010analytical models to test whether populations showed linked changes in abundance and body condition in response to disturbance. We further tested whether key environmental and species traits influenced this relationship and whether there was a time\u2010lagged effect of body condition responses on abundance. We found a positive relationship between mean reptile body condition and abundance at the site level. However, the relationship was largely lost when investigating population responses to disturbance. As such, our results provided no support for the risk\u2010disturbance hypothesis and limited support for the population collapse framework. Therefore, the impacts of disturbance on reptile body condition cannot be assumed to reflect or predict abundance responses. We provide a new conceptual framework that shows how disturbances can modify or uncouple the relationship between abundance and body condition by influencing underlying drivers, such as predation, competition and resource availability. Monitoring programs that infer population impacts based on changes in body condition should first confirm the relationship between these two variables in the relevant study system.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.70295","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,7]],"date-time":"2025-07-07T05:02:59Z","timestamp":1751864579000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Cross\u2010Continental Analysis Shows That Disturbance Effects on Reptile Body Condition Do Not Predict Abundance Responses"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0357-1231","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristina J.","family":"Macdonald","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods Charles Darwin University  Darwin Northern Territory Australia"},{"name":"School of Life and Environmental Sciences Deakin University  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1560-5235","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Don A.","family":"Driscoll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life and Environmental Sciences Deakin University  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5411-165X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael D.","family":"Craig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences University of Western Australia  Perth Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9062-5754","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert A.","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Science Edith Cowan University  Perth Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5556-2444","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Steven J.","family":"Hromada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fresno Chaffee Zoo  Fresno California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5045-3321","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C. 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