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In particular, it is unclear whether warming effects on soil respiration (SR) \u2013the primary source of atmospheric CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> from terrestrial ecosystems\u2013 persist throughout the year or vary seasonally. While both summer and cold\u2010season processes shape annual soil C fluxes, the long cold season, which dominates high\u2010latitude regions, has received far less attention. Using a natural geothermal gradient in a subarctic grassland (+0\u00b0C to +10\u00b0C above ambient soil temperature), we assessed the effects of more than a decade of continuous soil warming on SR. We obtained high\u2010resolution year\u2010round soil CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> fluxes and separated geothermal from biological sources of CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> following a stable isotope approach. Our findings revealed seasonally variable responses: warming significantly increased SR during the cold season (October\u2013May) but, surprisingly, had no effect during summer (July\u2013September). The lack of a summer warming response likely resulted from warming\u2010induced soil C depletion and microbial and root adaptations. Overall, prolonged warming altered seasonal C flux dynamics by enhancing the cold\u2010season contribution to total annual SR. This shift led to a 5.8% rise in annual SR per degree Celsius of warming. Furthermore, the apparent temperature sensitivity of SR (Q<jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>) and the seasonal amplitude of SR declined exponentially with warming intensity, with effects stabilizing beyond +3\u00b0C of warming, indicating apparent long\u2010term thermal acclimation of SR seasonality. Altogether, our findings highlight the importance of considering the seasonality of SR for accurate predictions of soil C dynamics in northern ecosystems under long\u2010term warming.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.70388","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T10:45:45Z","timestamp":1754045145000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Soil Respiration Responses to Prolonged Warming Vary Seasonally in a Subarctic Grassland"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7562-717X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabrizzio","family":"Protti\u2010S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecology Universit\u00e4t Innsbruck  Innsbruck Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3565-1407","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Linsey 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