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Understanding the genetic basis of phenological adaptation is crucial for forecasting forest responses to a changing climate. Here, we integrate multi\u2010year satellite\u2010derived phenology from 46 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>Fagus sylvatica<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> (European beech) populations across Germany with a population\u2010based genome\u2010wide association study to dissect the environmental and genetic drivers of leaf\u2010out day (LOD) and leaf shedding day (LSD). We show that environmental factors, particularly temperature forcing and water availability, are the primary drivers of LOD variation, while LSD is influenced by a more complex suite of climatic cues. Our genomic analysis identifies candidate genes associated with LOD and LSD, primarily linked to circadian rhythms and dormancy pathways, respectively. 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