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The mechanisms underlying this pulse of greenhouse gas emissions remain nearly unknown. Here, we conducted simulated soil rewetting experiments using typical cover of dryland soils (bareland, cyanobacteria\/lichen\u2010covered soil, and moss\u2010covered soil). The\n                    <jats:sup>13<\/jats:sup>\n                    C,\n                    <jats:sup>15<\/jats:sup>\n                    N, and\n                    <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>\n                    O labeling techniques allowed to explore the intrinsic mechanisms of rapid carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) release from the soils following rewetting. We found that the hydroxyl radical (\u02d9OH) was produced after soil rewetting via the rapid activation of microorganisms. The carbon dioxide (CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) and nitrous oxide (N\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O) production strongly decreased after \u02d9OH removal, whereas the methane (CH\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) production was not affected. The synergistic action between \u02d9OH oxidation and microbial enzymatic reactions increased CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    production. The \u02d9OH also stimulated the oxidation of NH\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    to NO\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    and dominated the N\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O production. Our results confirm the role of \u02d9OH in the production of greenhouse gases and indicate that microbially mediated \u02d9OH oxidation mechanisms are an overlooked key pathway for the emission of greenhouse gases during the soil rewetting. In the context of climate change, the extreme weather\u2010induced drying\u2010rewetting cycles in soils are becoming more frequent, making greenhouse gas emissions via the \u02d9OH oxidation pathway increasingly important.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.70552","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]],"date-time":"2025-10-14T01:31:07Z","timestamp":1760405467000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Hydroxyl Radical\u2010Driven Oxidation as a Key Pathway for Greenhouse Gas Production During Soil Drying\u2013Rewetting"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Xing","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of Sciences  Urumqi China"},{"name":"University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences  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