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Less known is the direct effect of CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    on nutrient availability by changing the plant stoichiometry. We help fill this gap, presenting a new methodology and creating the largest meta\u2010analysis on edible plant parts to date, including the most data (5324 entries covering 29,524 observation pairs), crops (43), and (anti)nutrients (32). The results show a pervasive elemental shift across a wide range of species as CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    rises. Elements respond differentially, with zinc decreasing the most. Plants with not only a C3 but also a C4 photosynthetic pathway respond. Impacts vary by species and tissue type. This stoichiometric shift can lead to (worsening) malnutrition even in previously sufficient populations. Nutrient security is under threat even if food security remains adequate; food will become more caloric and less nutritious.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.70568","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,14]],"date-time":"2025-11-14T10:01:22Z","timestamp":1763114482000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["<scp>\n                      CO\n                      <sub>2<\/sub>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    Rise Directly Impairs Crop Nutritional Quality"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-1355-8978","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sterre F.","family":"ter Haar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden University  Leiden the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0771-4500","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter M.","family":"van Bodegom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden University  Leiden the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0194-9942","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Scherer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden University  Leiden the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365\u20102486.2008.01594.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469\u20108137.2004.01224.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.15375"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1748\u20109326\/ab5cc0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.5210"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agrformet.2020.107899"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.643972"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2542\u20105196(19)30094\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/plants10061052"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy7020032"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agrformet.2011.04.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fcr.2015.11.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01904167.2020.1739303"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365\u20102486.1998.00101.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-011-1797-5_24"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365\u20102486.2006.01240.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00019053\u2010199813050\u201000002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sdata.2015.36"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hr\/uhad026"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2018.00924"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365\u20103040.2000.00588.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1748\u20109326\/abfcfa"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2542\u20105196(19)30108\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.315.7109.629"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1161\u20100301(02)00071\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","unstructured":"FAO.2024.\u201cFood Balances (2010).\u201dhttps:\/\/www.fao.org\/faostat\/en\/#data\/FBS.https:\/\/www.fao.org\/faostat\/en\/#data\/FBS."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","unstructured":"FAO IFAD UNICEF WFP andWHO.2022.\u201cThe State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2022.\u201dRepurposing Food and Agricultural Policies to Make Healthy Diets More Affordable. 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