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While the immediate impact of temperature on microbial functions is well understood and causes soil carbon losses, the long\u2010term response remains unclear, with losses stabilising over time, reducing the overall effect of chronic warming on soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks. Here, we examined the temperature dependence of microbial respiration and growth after 9 years of +5\u00b0C warming in a temperate forest. Using these temperature dependences and field temperature data, we modelled in\u00a0situ carbon fluxes and changes in SOC stocks. Results showed that the direct effect of temperature initially increased respiration and growth, projecting a potential 31% SOC stock loss if the trend had persisted. However, the gradual optimisation of microbial traits to warming balanced the direct temperature effects, enhanced carbon use efficiency and offset CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    emissions. Together, these microbial trait shifts limited the heat\u2010induced SOC loss to 15%, closely aligning with empirical observations. These findings suggest that microbial trait optimisation can moderate carbon emissions, providing a parsimonious mechanistic explanation for observations worldwide and underscoring the need to integrate microbial dynamics into models.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.70579","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T07:06:44Z","timestamp":1761894404000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Shifts in Microbial Thermal Traits Mitigate Heat\u2010Induced Carbon Losses in Soils"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1212-8875","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Albert C.","family":"Brangar\u00ed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecosystem and Landscape Dynamics, Institute for Biodiversity &amp; Ecosystem Dynamics University of Amsterdam  Amsterdam the Netherlands"},{"name":"Institute for Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science Lund University  Lund Sweden"},{"name":"Microbial Biogeochemistry in Lund (MBLU), Department of Biology Lund University  Lund Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa A.","family":"Knorr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Soil Biogeochemistry and Microbial Ecology, Department of Natural Resources and the Environment University of New Hampshire  Durham New Hampshire USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Serita D.","family":"Frey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Soil Biogeochemistry and Microbial Ecology, Department of Natural Resources and the Environment University of New Hampshire  Durham New Hampshire USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4985-7262","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johannes","family":"Rousk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbial Biogeochemistry in Lund (MBLU), Department of Biology Lund University  Lund Sweden"},{"name":"Microbial Ecology, Department of Biology Lund University  Lund 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