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However, despite the continued rise in CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    , greening has stagnated or even reversed in some regions, suggesting a reduced capacity of the land surface to act as a carbon sink. Here, we show that declining water availability and rising atmospheric water demand have coincided with regional browning trends over recent decades in some tropical regions that have historically acted as prominent carbon sinks. A regression analysis considering a balanced set of water\u2010 and energy\u2010related variables alongside land cover change and climate extremes confirms that both water availability and atmospheric water demand are important contributors to inter\u2010annual variability in Leaf Area Index (LAI) there. Earth system models mostly reproduce the observed spatial extent of browning and concurrent related coinciding water changes in the multi\u2010model mean, but results from individual models differ strongly. Our findings provide a new constraint for related model development and highlight the need for enhanced monitoring and consideration of observation\u2010based water availability trends as an emerging driver of vegetation in future analyses and model development.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.70620","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]],"date-time":"2025-12-11T10:01:22Z","timestamp":1765447282000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Regional Emergence of Water\u2010Related Browning in a Greening World"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9853-921X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rene","family":"Orth","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biogeochemical Integration Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry  Jena Germany"},{"name":"Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources University of Freiburg  Freiburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7945-5619","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jasper M. 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