{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T10:40:18Z","timestamp":1790419218305,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768521600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":15,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32522064"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32522064"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32430065"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32430065"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32471831"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32471831"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32301453"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32301453"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009950","name":"Ministry of Education","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009950","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Global Change Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Soil carbon greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are integral to climate security worldwide. Global change is known to impact soil GHG emissions; yet, the contribution of an increasing number of global change factors (GCFs) to the rates of carbon GHG emissions remains virtually unknown, challenging our capacity to forecast the trajectory of climate change. Here, we synthesize 1803 observations on soil CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    and CH\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    fluxes across 21 types of GCFs spanning a wide range of ecosystems (i.e., forests, grasslands, farmland, wetlands, tundras, and deserts) and found that an increasing number of GCFs will result in significant increases in CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    and CH\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    emissions. The impacts of GCFs on GHG emissions were largely explained by climate, biome types, and GCF\u2010induced changes in soil moisture, providing potential tools for managing global change. Our work provides critical insights, emphasizing that the number of global change stressors needs to be immediately reduced to help minimize the negative impacts of carbon greenhouse gas emissions on climate change.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.70633","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T11:51:49Z","timestamp":1768564309000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Multiple Global Change Stressors Boost Soil Greenhouse Gas Emissions Worldwide"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Chen","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Wetland Conservation and Restoration, National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, and Institute of Eco\u2010Chongming, School of Life Sciences Fudan University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"Delgado\u2010Baquerizo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Biodiversidad y Funcionamiento Ecosist\u00e9mico, Instituto de Recursos Naturalesy Agrobiolog\u00eda de Sevilla (IRNAS), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas (CSIC)  Sevilla Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guiyao","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Biodiversidad y Funcionamiento Ecosist\u00e9mico, Instituto de Recursos Naturalesy Agrobiolog\u00eda de Sevilla (IRNAS), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas (CSIC)  Sevilla Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthias C.","family":"Rillig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biology Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0439-5666","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bo","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Wetland Conservation and Restoration, National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, and Institute of Eco\u2010Chongming, School of Life Sciences Fudan University  Shanghai China"},{"name":"Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Transboundary Ecosecurity of Southwest China, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology and Centre for Invasion Biology, Institute of Biodiversity, School of Ecology and Environmental Science and Southwest United Graduate School Yunnan University  Kunming Yunnan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Changming","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Wetland Conservation and Restoration, National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, and Institute of Eco\u2010Chongming, School of Life Sciences Fudan University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2219-2571","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jinquan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Wetland Conservation and Restoration, National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, and Institute of Eco\u2010Chongming, School of Life Sciences Fudan University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0702-8009","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ming","family":"Nie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Wetland Conservation and Restoration, National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, and Institute of Eco\u2010Chongming, School of Life Sciences Fudan University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.12962"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41558\u2010023\u201001637\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.16290"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010024\u201052511\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2009JG001097"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.118637"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41893\u2010020\u20100491\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.12131"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/2041\u2010210X.13818"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.17543"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41558\u2010021\u201001108\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2017.03.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010022\u201028715\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1461\u20100248.2008.01253.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469\u20108137.2012.04334.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s43016\u2010022\u201000657\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586\u2010021\u201003523\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.16370"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.153288"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41559\u2010023\u201002235\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2021GB007255"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/303337"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.14993"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010024\u201046991\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aal1319"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41561\u2010023\u201001345\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41558\u2010021\u201001059\u2010w"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/9781009157896"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.catena.2024.108400"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010024\u201044895\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.15742"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1461\u20100248.2009.01351.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.15156"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jes.2024.03.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586\u2010024\u201007274\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geoderma.2020.114702"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.135992"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586\u2010020\u20102566\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemer.2016.04.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010021\u201026509\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature17174"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.15408"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aay2832"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41558\u2010023\u201001627\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41558\u2010024\u201002019\u2010w"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41559\u2010020\u201001322\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ejss.12539"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41559\u2010019\u20100958\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aaw5790"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaf4610"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature16946"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10176"},{"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