{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T18:20:39Z","timestamp":1787163639100,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":118,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]],"date-time":"2025-12-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765929600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":16,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006697","name":"Maa- ja Mets\u00e4talousministeri\u00d6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006697","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002341","name":"Research Council of Finland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["345510"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["345510"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002341","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Global Change Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Energy peat extraction has declined rapidly in Europe in recent years, leaving thousands of hectares of land requiring after\u2010use management and planning. A popular after\u2010use option, afforestation, is understudied and there is a limited understanding of its overall effect on greenhouse gas (GHG) and energy exchange. In this study, we present a multi\u2010year record of eddy covariance fluxes of carbon dioxide (CO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n ), energy fluxes and surface albedo, chamber measurements of methane (CH\n 4<\/jats:sub>\n ) and (N\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n O), and estimates of lateral carbon (C) losses from dissolved organic carbon (DOC) measurements from a cutaway peatland in Finland during the first 3\u2009years of afforestation. The site was fertilised with wood ash and 2\u2010year\u2010old Scots pine (\n \n Pinus sylvestris<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n ) saplings were planted. Wild vegetation emerged at the site in the first summer after fertilisation. Satellite\u2010derived leaf area index data showed clear year\u2010on\u2010year increases, and there was good agreement with changes in CO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n fluxes over the full study period. The albedo of the site increased with plant cover annually, resulting in negative radiative forcings and net CO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n \u2010equivalent (CO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n \u2010eq) removals. After being a source of CO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n in the first year (144\u2009\u00b1\u200920\u2009g CO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n \u2010C m\n \u22122<\/jats:sup>\n \u2009year\n \u22121<\/jats:sup>\n ), the site transitioned to a sink for the next two study years (\u221236\u2009\u00b1\u200912 and \u221219\u2009\u00b1\u200919\u2009g CO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n \u2010C m\n \u22122<\/jats:sup>\n \u2009year\n \u22121<\/jats:sup>\n ). Annual fluxes of CH\n 4<\/jats:sub>\n and N\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n O were small but not negligible. Net annual C losses stopped after 1\u2009year, where DOC losses offset CO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n uptake, and the afforestation resulted in a mean change in the annual net ecosystem C balance of 172\u2009g C m\n \u22122<\/jats:sup>\n \u2009year\n \u22121<\/jats:sup>\n and radiative balance of \u2212688\u2009g CO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n \u2010eq\u2009m\n \u22122<\/jats:sup>\n \u2009year\n \u22121<\/jats:sup>\n over a 100\u2010year time horizon. Cutaway peatlands typically remain long\u2010term sources of C if abandoned, and our results indicate that the afforestation process can rapidly revegetate barren peatlands and halt net C losses.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.70644","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]],"date-time":"2025-12-17T14:47:54Z","timestamp":1765982874000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Afforestation\u2010Related Fertilisation Quickly Turns Barren Cutaway Peatland Into a Carbon Dioxide Sink"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0761-1176","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander J. 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