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Here, combining global flux tower observations with simulations from Earth System Models (ESMs), we quantified the spatiotemporal patterns of drought propagation characteristics, identified WUE response trajectories for characteristic\u2010specific droughts, and investigated their dominant drivers. We found that 58% of soil droughts follow meteorological droughts. Most sites experience drought propagation events with increasing intensity, faster propagation, and shorter intervals. Among all identifiable trajectories, nonmonotonic patterns account for approximately 60%. WUE response trajectories generally follow continuous and nonmonotonic patterns, dominated by a rise\u2010then\u2010fall pattern. This pattern reflects a process in which vegetation functions regulated by stomatal behavior are initially stressed and then partially recover. Intra\u2010site variability is extremely pronounced, mainly driven by event\u2010specific thermal factors such as air temperature and net radiation. ESMs reproduce broad site\u2010level prevalence of nonmonotonic patterns, but show discrepancies in the relative importance of drivers due to the coupling of different land surface models. These findings challenge the notion of fixed vegetation functional responses and highlight the dynamic variability of response trajectories in relation to event\u2010specific characteristics, and provide concrete diagnostics to guide model improvements.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.70690","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T09:25:15Z","timestamp":1767950715000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Event\u2010Specific Meteorological Drivers Shape Diverse Water\u2010Use Efficiency Trajectories Under Drought Propagation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Feng","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil Engineering Sun Yat\u2010Sen University  Zhuhai China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1146-4874","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qinchuan","family":"Xin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geography and Planning Sun Yat\u2010Sen University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8466-2313","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julia K.","family":"Green","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Science University of Arizona  Tucson Arizona USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chuixiang","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Queens College City University of New York  Flushing New York USA"},{"name":"Earth and Environmental Sciences Department, Graduate Center City University of New York  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Armen R.","family":"Kemanian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Science The Pennsylvania State University  University Park Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4097-9140","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Steven A.","family":"Kannenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology West Virginia University  Morgantown West Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul C.","family":"Stoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Systems Engineering University of Wisconsin\u2014Madison  Madison Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuting","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering Tsinghua University  Beijing China"},{"name":"Department of Hydraulic Engineering Tsinghua University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huimin","family":"Lei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering Tsinghua University  Beijing China"},{"name":"Department of Hydraulic Engineering Tsinghua University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yujiu","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil Engineering Sun Yat\u2010Sen University  Zhuhai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7627-8824","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zheng","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41559\u2010017\u20100248\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Akiba T. 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