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Despite the importance of this damage for long\u2010term forest demography and carbon dynamics, the patterns and drivers of variation in hurricane\u2010induced damage across heterogeneous landscapes remain poorly quantified. Here, we integrate field inventory data with repeated airborne LiDAR measurements to quantify tree crown damage following Hurricane Mar\u00eda (Category 4) in the Luquillo Experimental Forest, Puerto Rico. We applied two approaches: manually delineated crowns and an automatic 3D crown delineation algorithm (AMS3D) to quantify individual crown damage from Hurricane Maria over the 16\u2010ha Luquillo Forest Dynamics Plot (LFDP). Both methods consistently revealed that taller canopies experienced less damage compared with shorter canopy trees, contradicting previous pixel\u2010based remote sensing assessments reporting greater damage in taller trees and forests. Analysis of crown\u2010level responses to hurricanes showed that tall canopy trees (\u2265\u200925\u2009m) suffered approximately 30% less crown area damage than shorter canopy trees (~15\u2009m), while other tree\u2010level factors had negligible effects. At the stand level, canopy height was also negatively associated with damage. Quadrats dominated by\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">Prestoea acuminata<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      var montana\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Dacryodes excelsa<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    experienced less damage. The effect of stand canopy rugosity and topography was limited. Across the landscape, canopies at low elevations experienced higher damage, possibly due to shifts in species composition along the elevation gradient. As climate change is expected to increase hurricane frequency and intensity in the North Atlantic, our findings highlight the need for incorporating organismal attributes (tree size and species identity) into process\u2010based ecosystem models to accurately predict hurricane\u2010induced damage. Furthermore, moving from pixel\u2010based to crown\u2010based remote sensing approaches is essential to correctly capture forest responses and reduce prediction biases in tropical forest vulnerability and resilience under intensifying storm regimes.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.70709","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T11:10:58Z","timestamp":1768561858000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Taller Trees Experienced Less Crown Damage During a Severe Hurricane in a Tropical Forest"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9164-284X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tao","family":"Han","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Cornell University  Ithaca New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ant\u00f3nio","family":"Ferraz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology  Pasadena California USA"},{"name":"Institute of Environment and Sustainability University of California  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dingyi","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics Columbia University  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tian","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics Columbia University  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roi","family":"Ankori\u2010Karlinsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecology Evolution &amp; Environmental Biology Columbia University  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriel","family":"Arellano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Michigan  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"},{"name":"Oikobit LLC  Albuquerque New Mexico USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Douglas","family":"Morton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biospheric Sciences Laboratory NASA Goddard Space Flight Center  Greenbelt Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jess K.","family":"Zimmerman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Sciences Universidad de Puerto Rico  San Juan Puerto Rico USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0253-3359","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Keller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology  Pasadena California USA"},{"name":"International Institute of Tropical Forestry USDA Forest Service  Rio Pedras Puerto Rico USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Uriarte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecology Evolution &amp; Environmental Biology Columbia University  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9402-9474","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiangtao","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Cornell University  Ithaca New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.13477"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10021\u2010024\u201000900\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.70294"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.15381"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvs.12981"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1744\u20107429.1997.tb00018.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/rs11091086"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2018GL077597"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2388976"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2937142"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1890\/02\u20104057"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2387750"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/2041\u2010210X.12301"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1744\u20107429.2009.00545.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/rs5084045"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/forestry\/cpac015"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010021\u201090576\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010020\u201080809\u2010w"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2013.09.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.4075"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","unstructured":"Fagan M. 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L.1983.\u201cTree Growth and Stand Changes in the Subtropical Life Zones of the Luquillo Mountains of Puerto Rico(Vol. 190)\u201d."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2308901121"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/23251"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/forestry\/cpn020"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2021.112307"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2261454"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.17832"}],"container-title":["Global Change Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/gcb.70709","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/gcb.70709","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/am-pdf\/10.1111\/gcb.70709","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/gcb.70709","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T11:01:48Z","timestamp":1772967708000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/gcb.70709"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":65,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/gcb.70709"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/gcb.70709","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1354-1013","1365-2486"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1354-1013","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2486","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-08-25","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-01-05","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-01-16","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70709"}}