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However, their CH\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    uptake capacity has been increasingly weakened driven by human activities and changes in precipitation regimes. In particular, the rapid expansion of livestock grazing can lead to substantial increases in CH\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    emissions. For the Eurasian grasslands that have been subject to long\u2010term grazing, how well they currently function and will continue to function as CH\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    sinks under the changing precipitation regimes remains uncertain. Here we conducted an 11\u2010year grazing\u2010gradient experiment to assess the combined effects of grazing intensity and precipitation variability on grassland CH\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    fluxes. We measured soil CH\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    uptake in a manipulative grazing experiment in both wet and dry years, estimated livestock\u2010derived CH\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    emissions, and examined a range of biotic and abiotic drivers, including vegetation attributes, soil properties, and microbial biomass, for short\u2010 (prior to the onset of the lagged response) and long\u2010term (the entire experimental period) influences on the dynamics of CH\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    uptake in temperate meadow grasslands. Over the long term, CH\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    fluxes are jointly regulated by precipitation and grazing, with overgrazing amplifying the suppressive effect of rainfall on CH\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    uptake. Soil CH\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    uptake showed a lagged response to grazing, which may have been triggered by extreme rainfall events. While moderate grazing sustained the long\u2010term CH\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    uptake, it fails to offset livestock\u2010derived CH\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    emissions. In the short term, CH\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    fluxes are primarily governed by grazing, whereas in the long term they are jointly regulated by precipitation and grazing intensity. These results offer a new perspective for understanding the source\u2013sink CH\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    dynamics of grasslands in the context of ongoing climate change.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.70864","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,18]],"date-time":"2026-04-18T08:01:32Z","timestamp":1776499292000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Grazing Stocking Rate and Rainfall Jointly Regulate Soil Methane Uptake in a Temperate Meadow Steppe, but Do Not Reverse Net Methane Emissions"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-0757-6435","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tianqi","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arable Land in China\/Hulunber Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station\/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Grassland Science Northeast Normal University  Changchun China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Digital Agriculture Rural Promotion Center  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arable Land in China\/Hulunber Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station\/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiquan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography, Environment, and Spatial Sciences Michigan State University  East Lansing Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuchun","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arable Land in China\/Hulunber Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station\/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arable Land in China\/Hulunber Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station\/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Changliang","family":"Shao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arable Land in China\/Hulunber Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station\/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5571-1895","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaotao","family":"L\u00fc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Erguna Forest\u2010Steppe Ecotone Research Station, Institute of Applied Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences  Shenyang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Erguna Forest\u2010Steppe Ecotone Research Station, Institute of Applied Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences  Shenyang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linghao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Botany The Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lianhai","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Net Zero and Resilient Farming Rothamsted Research  North Wyke UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoping","family":"Xin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arable Land in China\/Hulunber Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station\/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences  Beijing 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China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2009JG001097"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.34"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168\u20106496(03)00304\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010020\u201017710\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010020\u201020406\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.148863"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/biosci\/biv050"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1748\u20109326\/ac472f"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.11.058"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1758\u20102229.2009.00038.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2136\/sssaj2012.0268n"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1748\u20109326\/abaa79"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1748\u20109326\/aacb39"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.12182"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02886219"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2021.112206"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/9781845931896.0152"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586\u2010024\u201007592\u2010w"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0048\u20109697(01)01100\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178702"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.12365"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2136\/sssaj1981.03615995004500020017x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","volume-title":"Climate 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