{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T15:50:10Z","timestamp":1792252210306,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":264,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777248000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":26,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006206","name":"Biological and Environmental Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DE\u2010AC02\u201005CH11231"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DE\u2010AC02\u201005CH11231"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006206","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Global Change Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Global networks of eddy\u2010covariance flux towers play a pivotal role in enhancing our predictive understanding of carbon and water cycling of biological systems in response to regional and global environmental change. Despite their broad application in numerous studies, the spatial aspects of the flux measurements have often been ignored or treated ambiguously, thereby remaining a primary source of uncertainty. The area contributing to the flux\u2014referred to as the flux footprint\u2014varies over time depending on wind direction, atmospheric turbulence, effective measurement heights, surface characteristics, and mesoscale forcings. The footprint dynamics, along with underlying source\u2010sink heterogeneity, lead to spatial and temporal variability in the sensed fluxes, complicating the interpretation of flux data and their integration with a range of observations and models. This article addresses this critical link by reviewing the most up\u2010to\u2010date research, identifying knowledge gaps and challenges, and pointing out future research needs and opportunities. We begin with an overview of the current state of footprint modeling and its applications, from single\u2010site studies to large\u2010scale syntheses, summarizing how flux footprints have been used to interpret spatial flux variability and to integrate flux data with models, remote sensing, and other observations. We highlight how this critical spatial aspect could complicate the processing of eddy\u2010covariance fluxes, the definition of mass and energy continuity, and the interpretation of flux response functions and parameters, all of which have significant implications for numerous applications and research. We then point out potential opportunities and future research needs to bridge this knowledge gap, highlighting both readily available and prominent emerging ones. We conclude by urging the scientific community to (re)consider the spatiotemporal dynamics of eddy\u2010covariance flux measurements, and to investigate and evaluate potential approaches across scales, applications, and disciplines.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.70887","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T10:27:50Z","timestamp":1777285670000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Flux Footprints: A Critical Link to Bridge Eddy\u2010Covariance Measurements With Models, Remote Sensing, and Other Observations"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Housen","family":"Chu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory  Berkeley California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Metzger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AtmoFacts  Longmont Colorado USA"},{"name":"Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences University of Wisconsin\u2010Madison  Madison Wisconsin USA"},{"name":"CarbonDew Community of Practice  Longmont Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zutao","family":"Ouyang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Forestry, Wildlife and Environment Auburn University  Auburn Alabama USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Griebel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences University of Technology Sydney  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koong","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation University of Illinois Urbana\u2010Champaign  Champaign Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Durden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Ecological Observatory Network, Battelle  Boulder Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Wolf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Systems Science ETH Zurich  Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kuno","family":"Kasak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography University of Tartu  Tartu Estonia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camilo","family":"Rey\u2010Sanchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Marine, Earth, and Atmospheric Sciences North Carolina State University  Raleigh North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leila Constanza","family":"Hernandez Rodriguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Energy Geosciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory  Berkeley California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patty","family":"Oikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences California State University, East Bay  Hayward California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Falco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory  Berkeley California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin R. K.","family":"Runkle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological &amp; Agricultural Engineering University of Arkansas  Fayetteville Arkansas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arman","family":"Ahmadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Sciences, Policy, and Management University of California  Berkeley California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaclyn","family":"Matthes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard Forest Harvard University  Cambridge Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agrformet.2021.108381"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-1923(97)00096-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/2015WR018016"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2134\/agronj2005.0096S"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agrformet.2017.04.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.14729"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1000472717236"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.14807"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agrformet.2011.04.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2486.2003.00629.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/BT07151"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.12649"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s110807954"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agrformet.2008.10.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/bg-19-3863-2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1184984"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0450(1983)022<1800:SLSUNF>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/JHM-D-14-0158.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agwat.2024.108735"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00704-013-0953-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2015.10.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2019gb006430"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2011JG001913"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.14490"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agee.2017.06.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/feart.2023.1251138"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/BAMS-D-19-0346.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agrformet.2024.110179"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agrformet.2024.110086"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/atmos9090356"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.14124"},{"issue":"13","key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","first-page":"218","article-title":"Deriving Global Parameter Estimates for the Noah Land Surface Model Using FLUXNET and Machine Learning","volume":"121","author":"Chaney N. W.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Geophysical Research, D: Atmospheres"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10021-005-0105-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/X08-121"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2010JG001567"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10546-008-9339-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agrformet.2010.09.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2012.06.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/bg-7-2943-2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2022.128582"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2022.129016"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/hess-22-111-2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agrformet.2019.04.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.14983"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agrformet.2021.108454"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2018GL079306"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.12760"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agrformet.2021.108350"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marchem.2018.08.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2018MS001354"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2021jg006240"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2486.2009.01908.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/bg-20-383-2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejsobi.2016.05.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2021ea001842"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2005WR004693"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2486.2003.00561.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eap.1733"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aay1052"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoleng.2017.08.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agrformet.2018.12.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_63_1","first-page":"204","volume-title":"Communications in Computer and Information Science","author":"Durden D. J.","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2486.2002.00492.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agrformet.2018.07.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_66_1","volume-title":"Workshop Report: Remote Sensing and Fluxes Upscaling for Real\u2010World Impact","author":"Falco N.","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Falge E. M.Aubinet P.Bakwin et\u00a0al.2005.\u201cFluxnet Marconi Conference Gap\u2010Filled Flux and Meteorology Data 1992\u20132000.\u201d ORNL Distributed Active Archive Center Datasets.","DOI":"10.3334\/ORNLDAAC\/811"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41597-024-03291-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2023jg007621"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agrformet.2004.07.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1021554900225"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1890\/07\u20102105.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2019WR026058"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_74_1","unstructured":"FLUXNET.2007.\u201cLa Thuile Synthesis Dataset.\u201d FLUXNET."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-49389-3_19"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agrformet.2011.02.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2007GB003027"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2486.2006.01223.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2013.10.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/bg-21-2447-2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/bg-12-4509-2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agrformet.2018.06.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/bg-5-433-2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agrformet.2025.110608"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agrformet.2016.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.133918"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2019GL085942"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0450(1999)038<0922:HSIUAL>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agrformet.2024.110316"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.124968"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/msystems.00936-23"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2023jg007866"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agrformet.2017.06.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2005.853936"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.13638"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.13348"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agrformet.2019.01.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/frwa.2023.1033973"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2022jg006943"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.13547"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10546-010-9558-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hoffman F. M. C. D.Koven G.Keppel\u2010Aleks et\u00a0al.2017.\u201cInternational Land Model Benchmarking (ILAMB) 2016 Workshop Report.\u201dDOE\/SC\u20100186 U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science Germantown MD USA. doi:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2172\/1330803.","DOI":"10.2172\/1330803"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2021JG006276"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/essd-18-823-2026"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_105_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1001774726067"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_106_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.14079"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_107_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0309-1708(99)00042-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_108_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14236062"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_109_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/amt-11-5421-2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_110_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2024gl111479"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_111_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/2017JG003988"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_112_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agrformet.2016.08.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_113_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agrformet.2020.108092"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_114_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41597-019-0076-8"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_11_115_1","article-title":"Global Patterns of Land\u2010Atmosphere Fluxes of Carbon Dioxide, Latent Heat, and Sensible Heat Derived From Eddy Covariance, Satellite, and Meteorological Observations","volume":"116","author":"Jung M.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_116_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13040818"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_117_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agrformet.2023.109339"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_118_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/essd-17-3009-2025"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_119_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.14710"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_120_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agrformet.2004.11.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_121_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.14845"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_122_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/gmd-8-3695-2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_123_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:BOUN.0000030653.71031.96"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_124_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1014556300021"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_125_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agrformet.2023.109523"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_126_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.15661"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_127_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agrformet.2022.108878"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_128_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1018991015119"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_129_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2012.04.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_130_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/2015JG003224"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_131_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00703\u2010023\u201001004\u2010w"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_132_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2020jg005694"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_133_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-54545-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_134_1","first-page":"239","volume-title":"Footprints in Micrometeorology and Ecology","author":"Leclerc M. Y.","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_135_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/96JD03984"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_136_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00122089"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_137_1","volume-title":"Handbook of Micrometeorology: A Guide for Surface Flux Measurement and Analysis","author":"Lee X.","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_138_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agrformet.2019.107783"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_139_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adf5041"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_140_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.14297"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_141_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.still.2026.107143"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_142_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2023jd040701"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_143_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2025.114759"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_144_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.175406"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_145_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/bg-21-1301-2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_146_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10021\u2010021\u201000672\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_147_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/2014JG002642"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_148_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10546-008-9326-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_149_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2023av000956"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_150_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1752-1688.12956"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_151_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agrformet.2017.08.037"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_152_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03939-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_153_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agrformet.2007.01.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_154_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agrformet.2019.107769"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_155_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agrformet.2015.11.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_156_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agrformet.2017.01.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_157_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/qj.4397"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_158_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/bg-23-1719-2026"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_159_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00484-014-0844-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_160_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2025jg009039"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_161_1","unstructured":"National Ecological Observatory Network.2008.\u201cContinental\u2010Scale Observations for Scaling.\u201d NEON."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_162_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.15314"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_163_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/bg-21-5079-2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_164_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00704-015-1673-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_165_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3402\/tellusb.v64i0.18184"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_166_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agrformet.2025.111002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_167_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.70223"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_168_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.16156"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_169_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agrformet.2008.06.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_170_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2486.2006.01131.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_171_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/rs9060608"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_172_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/bg-17-5587-2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_173_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41597-020-0534-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_174_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agrformet.2017.08.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_175_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agrformet.2019.107786"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_176_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10546-015-0090-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_177_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2018JG004637"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_178_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ecy.4402"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_179_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.20405"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_180_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/2017JG003760"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_181_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2024gl109283"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_182_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jpln.201600447"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_183_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agrformet.2016.05.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_184_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2024ms004341"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_185_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-007-2351-1_8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_186_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00704-004-0095-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_187_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2486.2005.001002.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_188_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agrformet.2024.110106"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_189_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoleng.2017.06.042"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_190_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2022JG006977"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_191_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-9326\/ade45b"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_192_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/2017MS000962"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_193_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2026.115339"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_194_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2134\/ael2017.01.0003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_195_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-4257(99)00061-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_196_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2023jg007678"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_197_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2006GB002834"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_198_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecss.2021.107361"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_199_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00713146"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_200_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-1923(02)00107-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_201_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/qj.49711649409"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_202_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/hess-20-329-2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_203_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agrformet.2009.11.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_204_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00120530"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_205_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agrformet.2009.11.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_206_1","unstructured":"Searcy J. A.Dulal S.Bridgham et\u00a0al.2025.\u201cA Footprint\u2010Aware High\u2010Resolution Approach for Carbon Flux Prediction Across Diverse Ecosystems.\u201darXiv: 2512.01917v1 [cs.LG]."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_207_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2022jg007112"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_208_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13071286"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_209_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-1923(02)00177-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_210_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00704-004-0098-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_211_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1134\/S0001433825701002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_212_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10546-008-9317-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_213_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00484\u2010026\u201003183\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_214_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/bg-18-961-2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_215_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/bg-16-3747-2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_216_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agrformet.2012.11.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_217_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agrformet.2016.06.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_218_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lno.11721"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_219_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agrformet.2013.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_220_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/bg-22-1277-2025"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_221_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.12543"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_222_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/bg-16-255-2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_223_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.119210"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_224_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agrformet.2011.02.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_225_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agrformet.2015.09.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_226_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2007.06.070"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_227_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agrformet.2023.109307"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_228_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.147293"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_229_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cosust.2020.08.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_230_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2019JG005032"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_231_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.still.2023.105814"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_232_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2019.03.040"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_233_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agrformet.2024.110196"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_234_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agrformet.2023.109399"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_11_235_1","article-title":"Decomposing CO2 Fluxes Measured Over a Mixed Ecosystem at a Tall Tower and Extending to a Region: A Case Study","volume":"111","author":"Wang W.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_236_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fenvs.2022.939238"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_237_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2486.2001.00434.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_238_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lno.10347"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_239_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10546-024-00868-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_240_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2022jg006895"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_241_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/bg-6-1341-2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_242_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.srs.2025.100262"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_243_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-1923(00)00199-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_244_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1519620113"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_245_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agrformet.2023.109864"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_246_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/BAMS-D-17-0009.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_247_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s43017\u2010025\u201000743\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_248_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2019.111383"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_249_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agrformet.2014.06.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_250_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/hess-21-4037-2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_251_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agrformet.2016.07.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_252_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2025.102613"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_253_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2018.12.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_254_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2024ms004396"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_255_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16060946"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_256_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/amt-18-6917-2025"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_257_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-9326\/5\/3\/034007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_258_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agrformet.2025.110872"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_259_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/essd-17-2507-2025"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_260_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41558-024-01933-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_261_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2486.2011.02587.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_262_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sdata.2017.165"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_263_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-19-5529-2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_264_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14215529"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_265_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2025.114952"}],"container-title":["Global Change Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/gcb.70887","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/gcb.70887","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/gcb.70887","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T09:27:59Z","timestamp":1782466079000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/gcb.70887"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"references-count":264,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/gcb.70887"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/gcb.70887","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1354-1013","1365-2486"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1354-1013","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2486","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-12-23","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-04-14","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-04-27","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70887"}}