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However, prediction of forest dynamics is largely limited by a lack of understanding on how climate variability drives tree recruitment. Modes of large\u2010scale atmospheric variability, such as the Atlantic Multi\u2010decadal Oscillation (AMO), exert a strong influence on climate and forest ecosystems worldwide. Yet, the linkages between forest dynamics and AMO at large spatial scales, particularly in climatically marginal tree populations such as treelines, remain unknown. Using field survey data from 68,011 trees at 120 treeline sites across the Northern Hemisphere, we investigated tree recruitment dynamics and their relationships with climate and the AMO during 1951\u20132010. We identified increasing tree recruitment on the Tibetan Plateau and Central China at mid\u2010latitudes, whereas a decreasing trend was observed in Scandinavia\u2010Kola and Ural\u2010Siberia at high latitudes. An inverse recruitment pattern was documented between mid\u2010latitude Western North America and high\u2010latitude Alaska\u2010Northern Canada. Regional warming and changes in precipitation were linked to spring and summer AMO variability. In general, tree recruitment increased with warming and suitable moisture conditions and snow cover. Conversely, low precipitation in the non\u2010growing season and warming\u2010induced drought stress reduced recruitment. We provide evidence on how large\u2010scale atmospheric circulation patterns influence treeline dynamics by modulating regional climatic limitations on tree recruitment at hemispheric scales. Our results have notable implications to forecast future forest shifts in climatically harsh environments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.70893","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T06:02:13Z","timestamp":1777701733000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Different Tree Recruitment Patterns at Treelines Are Associated With the Atlantic Multi\u2010Decadal Oscillation Across the Northern Hemisphere"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5012-9270","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaoming","family":"Lu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Environment and Resources (TPESER), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4106-7087","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Flurin","family":"Babst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Natural Resources and the Environment University of Arizona  Tucson Arizona USA"},{"name":"Laboratory of Tree\u2010Ring Research University of Arizona  Tucson Arizona USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8003-4264","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eryuan","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Environment and Resources (TPESER), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mart\u00edn A.","family":"Hadad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Dendrocronolog\u00eda de Zonas \u00c1ridas\u2010Instituto y Museo de Ciencias Naturales Universidad Nacional de San Juan, CIGEOBIO (CONICET\u2010UNSJ)  San Juan Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2436-2922","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J. 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