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Meanwhile, generalist and expanding species like the European hare (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>L. europaeus<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ) may further threaten their persistence through interspecific competition. Despite growing concern about biodiversity in mountain regions, fine\u2010scale assessments of landscape connectivity and its drivers remain limited. We investigated how environmental and anthropogenic variables affect functional connectivity in both the mountain hare and the European hare in the French Alps, and how interspecific interactions might modulate connectivity patterns. We used machine\u2010learning landscape genetics approaches with microsatellite data from 1564 mountain hares and 1143 European hares sampled across the French Alps. This allowed us to assess the effect of 13 landscape variables at multiple spatial scales on gene flow and validated results across five sub\u2010areas to test for regional consistency. While the genetic structure was weak in both species, connectivity patterns were species\u2010specific and opposite, shaped by distinct environmental variables and the interspecific competition for the mountain hare. For example, elevation increased gene flow in the mountain hare but limited it in the European hare. Connectivity maps confirmed contrasted spatial patterns: mountain hare corridors were confined to high elevations, while European hare connectivity concentrated in lowlands and valleys. Interspecific competition may further restrict mountain hare movement by limiting access to lower\u2010elevation corridors increasingly dominated by the European hare. Our findings highlight contrasted landscape permeability between a cold\u2010adapted species and a generalist competitor. The expansion of anthropized areas in Alpine valleys may exacerbate connectivity loss in mountain hares. Conservation strategies should prioritize the maintenance of high\u2010altitude corridors to support climate\u2010driven range shifts and reduce competition pressure.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.70918","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T13:55:56Z","timestamp":1779198956000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Global Change and Interspecific Competition Impacts on the Genetic Connectivity of Mountain Hare (\n                    <i>Lepus timidus<\/i>\n                    ) and European Hare (\n                    <i>Lepus europaeus<\/i>\n                    ) Populations in the French Alps"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Jeremy","family":"Larroque","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre d'Ecologie et de Sciences de la Conservation (CESCO), Mus\u00e9um National d'Histoire Naturelle, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Sorbonne Universit\u00e9  Paris France"},{"name":"CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD  Montpellier France"},{"name":"Office Fran\u00e7ais de la Biodiversit\u00e9, Direction de la Recherche et de l'Appui Scientifique, Service Anthropisation et Fonctionnement Des Ecosyst\u00e8mes  P\u00e9rols France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3625-3686","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicolas","family":"Bech","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions (UMR CNRS 7267) Universit\u00e9 de Poitiers  Poitiers France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charlotte","family":"Perrot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office Fran\u00e7ais de la Biodiversit\u00e9, Direction de la Recherche et de l'Appui Scientifique, Service Anthropisation et Fonctionnement Des Ecosyst\u00e8mes  P\u00e9rols France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oph\u00e9lie","family":"Billaud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre d'Ecologie et de Sciences de la Conservation (CESCO), Mus\u00e9um National d'Histoire Naturelle, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Sorbonne Universit\u00e9  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salom\u00e9","family":"Doval","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre d'Ecologie et de Sciences de la Conservation (CESCO), Mus\u00e9um National d'Histoire Naturelle, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Sorbonne Universit\u00e9  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00e9r\u00f4me","family":"Mansons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Parc National du Mercantour  Nice 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