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Here, we conducted a mechanistic study to assess the impact of a single 3\u2010day extreme heat event (30\u00b0C, 40\u00b0C, 50\u00b0C) on C cycling in an arable soil in North Wales, exploring subsequent 200\u2010day potential legacy effects and shifts in microbial community structure. Soils exposed to 30\u00b0C or 40\u00b0C did not change microbial carbon use efficiency (CUE) of\n                    <jats:sup>14<\/jats:sup>\n                    C\u2010glucose, while soil exposed to 50\u00b0C showed a 48% increase in\n                    <jats:sup>14<\/jats:sup>\n                    C\u2010glucose mineralisation and halved CUE (0.33 vs. 0.66) compared with undisturbed soil. The legacy effect on soil C turnover was monitored following three additional repeated additions of\n                    <jats:sup>14<\/jats:sup>\n                    C\u2010glucose, showing that microbial C metabolism slowly recovered over 6\u2009months. The introduction of a microbial inoculum from a non\u2010stressed soil failed to accelerate the recovery of microbial C metabolism in 50\u00b0C heated soil. Using soil containing a pre\u2010labelled\n                    <jats:sup>14<\/jats:sup>\n                    C native SOM pool, we found extreme heat caused a substantial loss of old C during the heat event but had no lasting impact on post\u2010disturbance native SOM turnover. Molecular analyses revealed that the extreme heat event decreased microbial diversity, microbial network complexity and community evenness. In conclusion, our study illustrates that extreme heat events have a substantial detrimental impact on the turnover of labile\n                    <jats:sup>14<\/jats:sup>\n                    C\u2010glucose rather than native\n                    <jats:sup>14<\/jats:sup>\n                    C\u2010SOM, with their legacy effects on soil microbial C processing lasting for a long period of time.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.70967","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T04:20:13Z","timestamp":1781238013000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Legacy Effects of Extreme Heat Decreased Soil Microbial Carbon Use Efficiency"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Jinhua","family":"Yin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Silviculture, Institute of Applied Ecology Chinese Academy 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