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Here, we synthesized evidence from 16 studies to quantify the net effects of MPs on CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    , CH\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    , and N\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O fluxes under ambient DOM conditions. Our meta\u2010analysis indicates that MP exposure significantly increases CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    emissions and decreases N\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O fluxes, whereas CH\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    responses show a non\u2010significant positive trend with high variability. Exposure duration and polymer identity emerge as key moderators, indicating that MP effects are context\u2010dependent rather than uniform. Short\u2010term exposure tends to suppress carbon mineralization, whereas long\u2010term exposure is more often associated with GHG production, consistent with a time\u2010dependent trajectory potentially shaped by polymer aging. Mechanistically, this pattern may reflect initial DOM adsorption and humification that reduce substrate availability, followed by the release of bioavailable MP\u2010derived compounds that may stimulate microbial respiration, methanogenesis, and denitrification. Overall, MPs reshape aquatic carbon and nitrogen cycling within the overarching framework of DOM, which may ultimately influence GHG emissions under certain conditions. These findings provide a quantitative basis for reconciling conflicting observations and improving predictions of the climate relevance of MP pollution in aquatic ecosystems.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.70969","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,13]],"date-time":"2026-06-13T07:55:48Z","timestamp":1781337348000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Microbial Perspective: Regulatory Mechanisms of Interactions Between Microplastics and Dissolved Organic Matter on Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Aquatic Ecosystems"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Mengxin","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Environmental Science and Engineering Tianjin University  Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meiqi","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of 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