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We assessed how soil warming affects seasonal root growth dynamics in subarctic grasslands, aiming to predict belowground responses under future climate scenarios. We investigated root growth across soil depths and seasons in geothermally warmed subarctic grasslands, comparing two warming durations: medium\u2010term (MTW; 11\u201314\u2009years) and long\u2010term (LTW; &gt;\u200960\u2009years) and three warming magnitudes (ambient: +0\u00b0C, &lt;\u2009+2\u00b0C, and &gt;\u2009+2\u00b0C). Root length and projection area were quantified from minirhizotron images using the automated segmentation model RS_SAG. The automated segmentation model trained and used in this study performed robustly, with accuracy comparable to manual labels. Warming duration and magnitude effects on root length and projection area were season\u2010 and soil\u2010depth\u2010dependent. Root growth responses were more pronounced under LTW than MTW, particularly in the subsoil under warming &gt;\u2009+2\u00b0C. Significant differences from ambient conditions occurred during summer, where root length and projection area were larger than in ambient conditions. Warming shifted root growth phenology by accelerating peak\u2010season growth and intensifying winter decline. Enhanced subsoil root growth was related to a higher topsoil rhizome biomass, which likely provided additional energy to support deeper root growth and a higher abundance of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Kobresia myosuroides<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    \u2014a deep\u2010rooted rhizomatous sedge species with extensive belowground biomass. Higher subsoil root length and projection area under LTW indicate a shift towards deeper rooting, potentially associated with changes in species composition or nutrient availability. Enhanced root growth, proliferation, temporal shifts and seasonal amplitude may increase litter inputs, influencing microbial activity and organic matter dynamics in subsoils. These deep\u2010root responses may partially offset warming\u2010induced organic matter decomposition but could also affect the stability of soil carbon pool, emphasising the role of deep\u2010soil roots in carbon cycling in subarctic soils.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.71055","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T04:51:51Z","timestamp":1787201511000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Soil Warming Shifts Seasonal and Soil Depth\u2010Related Root Growth Dynamics in Subarctic Grasslands"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2199-4537","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Biplabi","family":"Bhattarai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences University of Tartu  Tartu Estonia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7512-5578","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pavel","family":"Baykalov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, Institute of Forest Ecology University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU)  Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P\u00e1ll","family":"Sigurdsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Environmental and Forest Sciences The Agricultural University of Iceland  Hvanneyri Iceland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4350-6258","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Coline","family":"Le Noir de Carlan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plants and Ecosystems (PLECO), Department of Biology University of Antwerp  Antwerpen Belgium"},{"name":"Physiological Plant Ecology, Department 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Forest Protection and Wildlife Management, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology Mendel University in Brno  Brno Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9043-6083","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ivika","family":"Ostonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences University of Tartu  Tartu 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