{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T05:53:08Z","timestamp":1791006788162,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787529600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":23,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002341","name":"Research Council of Finland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["371187"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["371187"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002341","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002341","name":"Research Council of Finland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["367980"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["367980"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002341","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002428","name":"Austrian Science Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PAT6359323"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PAT6359323"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002428","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Global Change Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Global change is altering the physico\u2010chemical characteristics of northern lakes through warming, shifting nutrient regimes, and increasing dissolved organic carbon (DOC). These changes are reshaping the trophic structure and nutritional quality of freshwater food webs. To investigate how such environmental gradients influence the production and trophic transfer of long\u2010chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC\u2010PUFA), we quantified LC\u2010PUFA biosynthesis in 12 boreal lakes along a trophic gradient. Bayesian models were used to relate biosynthesis to phytoplankton biomass and community composition, while compound\u2010specific stable hydrogen isotopes and\n                    <jats:italic>fads2<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene expression were applied to distinguish dietary acquisition from endogenous n\u20103 LC\u2010PUFA synthesis in zooplankton and planktivorous fish. We further extrapolated LC\u2010PUFA biosynthesis across 643 boreal and subarctic lakes covering a~7\u00b0C temperature gradient and a 1\u2013160\u2009\u03bcg\u2009L\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    phosphorus range using long\u2010term phytoplankton monitoring data. Phytoplankton LC\u2010PUFA biosynthesis ranged from 1 to 400\u2009ng\u2009g\u2009C\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2009h\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    , of which the edible (&lt;\u200935\u2009\u03bcm) fraction for zooplankton contributed only 45%\u201374%. Stable isotope and gene\u2010expression analysis indicated that biosynthesis rates exceeding ~100\u2009ng\u2009g\u2009C\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2009h\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    in the edible fraction were required to reduce consumer reliance on endogenous bioconversion to below 10%. Across the 643 lakes, LC\u2010PUFA production exhibited a unimodal relationship with phosphorus, peaking at intermediate nutrient levels; however, only 166 lakes produced sufficient LC\u2010PUFA to meet inferred consumer requirements. Nutrient enrichment, warming, and browning acted synergistically to restructure phytoplankton community composition and constrain LC\u2010PUFA availability. Eutrophication and browning promoted LC\u2010PUFA\u2010poor taxa, whereas warming altered biomass distribution and reduced LC\u2010PUFA production within the edible phytoplankton size fraction. Together, these changes intensified a nutritional bottleneck at the base of aquatic food webs. Our findings demonstrate that global change profoundly modifies phytoplankton community structure, LC\u2010PUFA production, and trophic transfer efficiency, which may generate cascading effects on the functioning and productivity of northern freshwater ecosystems.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.71070","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T07:12:53Z","timestamp":1787555573000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Global Change Reshapes Biosynthesis of\n                    <scp>LC<\/scp>\n                    \u2010\n                    <scp>PUFA<\/scp>\n                    in Northern Lake Food Webs"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3404-5923","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthias","family":"Pilecky","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"WasserCluster Lunz \u2013 Biologische Station  Lunz am See Austria"},{"name":"Research Lab for Aquatic Ecosystem Research and Health Universit\u00e4t f\u00fcr Weiterbildung Krems  Krems Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7974-0092","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristiina","family":"Vuorio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Finnish Environment Institute (Syke)  Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2652-6313","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cyril","family":"Rigaud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological and Environmental Science University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4  Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4 Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2532-3167","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Calderini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological and Environmental Science University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4  Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4 Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1539-014X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kimmo K.","family":"Kahilainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lammi Biological Station University of Helsinki  Lammi Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5970-4350","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Timo J.","family":"Ruokonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke)  Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2388-1504","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin J.","family":"Kainz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"WasserCluster Lunz \u2013 Biologische Station  Lunz am See Austria"},{"name":"Research Lab for Aquatic Ecosystem Research and Health Universit\u00e4t f\u00fcr Weiterbildung Krems  Krems Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jussi","family":"Vesterinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Association for Water and Environment of Western Uusimaa  Lohja Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7510-7337","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sami J.","family":"Taipale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological and Environmental Science University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4  Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4 Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/plankt\/fbad012"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4319\/lo.2009.54.6_part_2.2283"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2017.03.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0904129106"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fenvs.2021.670125"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4319\/lo.1968.13.4.0675"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10584\u2010015\u20101326\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.166674"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/plankt\/fbad026"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plipres.2016.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4319\/lo.2012.57.4.1245"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10750\u2010022\u201004887\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0130053"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpb.2015.10.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lom3.10025"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365\u20102427.1978.tb01439.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jhered\/esv060"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.13295"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abn7455"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aau5656"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2220100120"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781444327397"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.15387"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.15887"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.134043"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/lre.12318"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11157\u2010021\u201009571\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plipres.2022.101157"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06316"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/29.9.e45"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1365\u20102435.13981"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2022.738731"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2025.118194"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mex.2023.102283"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rcm.9135"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.7181"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0140449"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.2889"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00442\u2010023\u201005480\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fevo.2019.00269"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00442\u2010021\u201004913\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/fwb.13399"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/2241-5793-21-15"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1388\u20101981(00)00077\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00442\u2010022\u201005301\u2010w"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.07.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.157001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1365\u20102435.13924"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.3832"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biom10040559"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lno.12793"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/ame01671"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.8687"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2019.108836"},{"key":"e_1_2_11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