{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T08:33:59Z","timestamp":1793349239480,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790553600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790553600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010570","name":"Nieders\u00e4chsisches Ministerium f\u00fcr Wissenschaft und Kultur","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["15\u201076251\u20102\u2014Stay\u20108\/22\u20105947\/2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["15\u201076251\u20102\u2014Stay\u20108\/22\u20105947\/2022"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010570","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Global Change Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Land\u2010surface models commonly assume that soil CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    production is rapidly transferred out of the soil profile, effectively equating respiration with near\u2010surface signals. However, persistent subsoil CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    enrichment despite limited in\u00a0situ production reflects bidirectional exchange of topsoil\u2010respired CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    , suggesting that the surface\u2010centric assumption may not be universally valid. Here we combine year\u2010round, multi\u2010depth field observations with process\u2010based modeling (DeepCO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) to quantify the effects of land use (croplands, forests, and forest\u2010cropland edges) and climate on soil CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    production\u2010transport dynamics. We reveal pronounced vertical decoupling of soil CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    , with deep CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    (&gt;\u20091\u2009m) concentrations up to two orders of magnitude above surface concentrations and 9\u201317 times greater than can be explained by in\u00a0situ production alone, revealing profile\u2010scale production\u2010transport imbalance. Forest soils promote ~2.3\u2010fold greater deep CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    accumulation than cropland and edge systems, driven by enhanced macroporosity and stronger advective coupling. Seasonal climate forcing regulates these regimes, with winter cold spells suppressing exchange, whereas spring\u2013summer warming amplifies CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    source strength originating from otherwise \u201cprotected\u201d subsoil organic carbon, particularly in cropland and edge soils. These findings demonstrate that a substantial fraction of topsoil\u2010respired CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    is redistributed below the soil\u2010atmosphere boundary and retained within the subsurface, forming a land\u2010use\u2010sensitive CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2010C sink. Surface\u2010based CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    assessment therefore reflects a transport\u2010limited, boundary\u2010conditioned signal rather than a direct proxy for profile\u2010scale production, and alone cannot resolve the full partitioning of soil\u2010respired carbon. Incorporating depth\u2010dependent production\u2010transport coupling is therefore essential for accurately representing terrestrial carbon allocation and land\u2010climate feedbacks under ongoing land\u2010use change and climate warming.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.71119","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T14:42:20Z","timestamp":1790606540000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Previously Unrecognized Land\u2010Use Control on Deep Soil\n                    <scp>\n                      CO\n                      <sub>2<\/sub>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    Sink"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-3300-7905","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kenneth","family":"Tetteh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Earth System Sciences, Section Soil Science Leibniz University Hannover  Hannover Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9543-8440","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mostafa","family":"Abdollahpour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Earth System Sciences, Section Soil Science Leibniz University Hannover  Hannover Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2281-1464","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leopold","family":"Sauheitl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Earth System Sciences, Section Soil Science Leibniz University Hannover  Hannover Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6962-8264","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Georg","family":"Guggenberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Earth System Sciences, Section Soil Science Leibniz University Hannover  Hannover Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9536-9251","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kazem","family":"Zamanian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Earth System Sciences, Section Soil Science Leibniz University Hannover  Hannover Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/zpch-1889-0416"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10533\u2010024\u201001177\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1525\/elementa.287"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy12010189"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00008814"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","volume-title":"Soil Physics With Basic Transport Models for Soil\u2013Plant Systems","author":"Campbell G. 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