{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T15:00:22Z","timestamp":1790607622792,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790553600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790553600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022YFF0801902"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFF0801902"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32271670, 32241034"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32271670, 32241034"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Global Change Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Due to widespread nitrogen limitation, reactive nitrogen input is expected to stimulate vegetation carbon fixation, thus potentially offsetting the decomposition\u2010induced soil carbon losses. However, this projection is largely based on short\u2010term measurements. The crucial question is whether such responses persist over time. Combining a decade\u2010long nitrogen\u2010addition experiment in an alpine grassland with biochemical and plant metabolomics analyses, we showed that a decade of nitrogen addition elicited only a transient increase in net ecosystem productivity (NEP; balance between ecosystem carbon uptake and release); the stimulating effect diminished over time. This phenomenon was likely associated with sustained phosphorus limitation, as indicated by increased plant nitrogen:phosphorus ratio and reduced metabolites involved in phosphorus\u2010related metabolic pathways. The temporal decline in NEP response was reversed with phosphorus supplementation, providing experimental evidence of aggravated phosphorus limitation under long\u2010term nitrogen loadings. Further analysis demonstrated that plant metabolic traits surpassed the classical traits in mediating productivity response to long\u2010term nitrogen:phosphorus imbalance; the metabolites in the Calvin\u2010Benson cycle and pentose phosphate pathway of the dominant species were important predictors of variations in productivity under nutrient additions. Taken together, our findings imply that prior short\u2010term measurements may overestimate the nitrogen\u2010triggered ecosystem carbon sink and provide metabolic insights into the nitrogen effects on primary productivity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.71125","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T14:44:24Z","timestamp":1790606664000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Temporal Pattern and Metabolic Mechanisms of Ecosystem Carbon Fluxes Under Decadal\u2010Long Nitrogen Enrichment in an Alpine Grassland"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-0734-3016","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xuning","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Forage Breeding\u2010by\u2010Design and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"},{"name":"China National Botanical Garden  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3279-9710","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Forage Breeding\u2010by\u2010Design and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"},{"name":"China National Botanical Garden  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1741-1135","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dianye","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Forage Breeding\u2010by\u2010Design and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"},{"name":"China National Botanical Garden  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-5106-5565","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lina","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Forage Breeding\u2010by\u2010Design and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"},{"name":"China National Botanical Garden  Beijing China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Farmland Eco\u2010Environment of Hebei, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences Hebei Agricultural University  Baoding China"},{"name":"College of Geography and Tourism Baoding University  Baoding China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7215-0150","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Josep","family":"Pe\u00f1uelas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF\u2010CSIC\u2010UAB  Barcelona Catalonia Spain"},{"name":"CREAF  Barcelona Catalonia Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2485-6172","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guoying","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences  Xining China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research Chinese Academy of Sciences  Xining China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5399-4606","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuanhe","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Forage Breeding\u2010by\u2010Design and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"},{"name":"China National Botanical Garden  Beijing China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4151-4206","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yunfeng","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Forage Breeding\u2010by\u2010Design and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"},{"name":"China National Botanical Garden  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586\u2010018\u20100563\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41559\u2010018\u20100699\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41558\u2010025\u201002386\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.15218"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41559\u2010022\u201001794\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.17074"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1461\u20100248.2011.01599.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1461\u20100248.2003.00518.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469\u20108137.2010.03214.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586\u2010022\u201005383\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1890\/12\u20100292.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2013.0164"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev\u2010environ\u2010012420\u2010045120"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soilbio.2011.03.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010022\u201028345\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tplants.2021.03.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ele.12530"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365\u20102486.2007.01447.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2018.11.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1150","DOI":"10.1890\/0012-9658(1999)080[1150:TMAORR]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"The Meta\u2010Analysis of Response Ratios in Experimental Ecology","volume":"80","author":"Hedges L. V.","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","volume-title":"Climate Change 2023: Synthesis Report","author":"IPCC","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1310880110"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/2041\u2010210x.13800"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1890\/06\u20102057.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.12778"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12870\u2010019\u20102006\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010022\u201030854\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.6084\/m9.figshare.28731422"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11917"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469\u20108137.2012.04050.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ecy.70057"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1461\u20100248.2010.01577.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.7b04362"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ecy.3483"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0907173106"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365\u20102486.2009.01894.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010021\u201024714\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","volume-title":"Estimation of Available Phosphorus in Soils by Extraction With Sodium Bicarbonate","author":"Olsen S. R.","year":"1954"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/bg\u201019\u20105435\u20102022"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pce.12378"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.13789"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11104\u2010018\u201003927\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.8b04561"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms3934"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02757540903062517"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abl4827"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/esd\u201014\u20101\u20102023"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_49_1","volume-title":"R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing","author":"R Core Team","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1216065111"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010020\u201020681\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1116092109"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0038\u20100717(02)00074\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ele.13838"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4141\/cjss95\u2010034"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aav8215"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_57_1","volume-title":"Plant Physiology","author":"Taiz L.","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41477\u2010018\u20100291\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586\u2010021\u201003306\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1365\u20102435.12513"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365\u20102486.2010.02228.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1365\u20102745.13826"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adi4029"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2018.03.125"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365\u20102486.2011.02548.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.19115"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.16272"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010025\u201059289\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plantsci.2019.110282"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jpe\/rtaf192"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41561\u2010019\u20100352\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1365\u20102745.13184"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.16743"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ecy.3789"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.9b00613"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010024\u201055606\u2010y"}],"container-title":["Global Change Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/gcb.71125","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/gcb.71125","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/gcb.71125","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T14:44:30Z","timestamp":1790606670000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/gcb.71125"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]]},"references-count":75,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/gcb.71125"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/gcb.71125","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1354-1013","1365-2486"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1354-1013","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2486","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-04-23","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-14","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-28","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e71125"}}