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Here, we combined a five\u2010year experiment across four semi\u2010arid cropland sites with a global synthesis restricted exclusively to outdoor field observations to quantify microplastic effects on crop yield, soil quality, and ecosystem multifunctionality. Under a high microplastic loading (0.2% w\/w), we detected no consistent negative functional responses across crops, sites, and growing years. The field\u2010only synthesis revealed weak average effects but substantial cross\u2010study heterogeneity. Plant presence was associated with weaker effects, with vegetated systems showing milder changes in soil quality and ecosystem multifunctionality than plant\u2010free soils. Biodegradable polymers did not show a consistent ecological advantage over conventional polymers across field settings. Our findings indicate that effects inferred primarily from laboratory studies cannot be directly extrapolated to the field scale. Importantly, weak functional responses do not address crop internal microplastic uptake, dietary exposure, or toxicological risk, which require separate assessment. These results provide a more realistic basis for assessing the consequences of microplastic pollution for agricultural ecosystem functioning and resilience under global change.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.71139","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T07:23:01Z","timestamp":1791012181000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Contextual Microplastic Impacts on Croplands From Field Trials and Global Synthesis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Juncong","family":"Chu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio\u2010Breeding, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology China Agricultural University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yadong","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio\u2010Breeding, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology China Agricultural University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5896-4529","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jie","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agriculture Nanjing Agricultural University  Nanjing Jiangsu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1482-4209","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Davey L.","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Environmental and Natural Sciences Bangor University  Bangor Gwynedd UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junyong","family":"Ge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhangjiakou Academy of Agricultural Sciences  Zhangjiakou Hebei China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6639-1273","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J\u00f8rgen E.","family":"Olesen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agroecology Aarhus University  Tjele Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-4640-059X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhaohai","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio\u2010Breeding, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology China Agricultural University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2008-143X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huadong","family":"Zang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio\u2010Breeding, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology China Agricultural University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13855"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barto\u0144 K.2026.\u201cMuMIn: Multi\u2010Model Inference.\u201d R Package Version 1.48.19.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.32614\/CRAN.package.MuMIn.","DOI":"10.32614\/CRAN.package.MuMIn"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2515836122"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soilbio.2021.108496"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/soil\u20106\u2010649\u20102020"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Calcagno V.2020.\u201cglmulti: Model Selection and Multimodel Inference Made Easy.\u201d R Package Version 1.0.8.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.32614\/CRAN.package.glmulti.","DOI":"10.32614\/CRAN.package.glmulti"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.05.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.17470"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1002\u20100160(13)60050\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy15071519"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ldr.5687"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","unstructured":"Chu J. 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