{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T06:38:18Z","timestamp":1792651098270,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792108800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":15,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018693","name":"HORIZON EUROPE Framework Programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["101134954"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101134954"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018693","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003137","name":"Fondation pour la Recherche sur la Biodiversite","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IMPACTS"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IMPACTS"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003137","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Global Change Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Understanding how climate shapes ecosystem productivity through energetic constraints and changes in the functional properties expressed by vegetation remains challenging. This is central to trait\u2010based biodiversity\u2013ecosystem functioning research in mountain grasslands where warming and environmental gradients interact. Here, we distinguish direct climatic controls on productivity from indirect pathways operating through changes in canopy functional composition, physiological state, and within\u2010plot spectral functional heterogeneity across the European Alps. Using Sentinel\u20102 time series (2017\u20132024), we quantified canopy functional structure from spectral proxies of pigment investment and water status, within\u2010plot spectral functional heterogeneity using the functional richness (FRic) metric, and vegetation productivity using near\u2010infrared reflectance of vegetation (NIRv). We combined panel\u2010data models with piecewise structural equation modeling to partition climate associations into direct and trait\u2010mediated components operating through canopy functional properties and used varying\u2010coefficient models to evaluate how these pathways vary along environmental gradients. We identified two pathways linking climate to productivity. Warmer growing seasons increased productivity directly but were associated with a lower chlorophyll\u2010to\u2010carotenoid pigment balance, consistent with greater relative carotenoid investment, generating an opposing indirect pathway. Greater winter snow accumulation reduced productivity primarily through a direct pathway, while its canopy\u2010mediated pathways were uncertain. Climatic water deficit reduced canopy water status and within\u2010plot spectral functional heterogeneity, but its direct and total associations with productivity were not distinguishable from zero. Environmental context modulated climate\u2013vegetation relationships. Baseline temperature and moisture availability strongly shaped climate effects on canopy traits and productivity, whereas canopy\u2010property\u2013productivity relationships varied little across space. Positive productivity responses to warming were stronger in wetter and more seasonally variable climatic contexts, but weakened where baseline winter snow accumulation was greater. Together, our findings show that short\u2010term productivity responses in mountain grasslands reflect a balance between direct energetic constraints and indirect pathways through integrated canopy functional properties, and that this balance varies along macroclimatic gradients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.71142","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T04:52:02Z","timestamp":1792212722000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Direct and Trait\u2010Mediated Effects of Climate on Grassland Productivity Across the Alps"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1259-6131","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pierre","family":"Ga\u00fcz\u00e8re","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA  Grenoble France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6890-8942","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"H\u00e4llfors","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Finnish Environment Institute  Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6599-8279","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jussi","family":"M\u00e4kinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Finnish Environment Institute  Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9062-2721","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philippe","family":"Choler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA  Grenoble France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4190-5108","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Risto K.","family":"Heikkinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Finnish Environment Institute  Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-4051-9937","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Romain","family":"Goury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA  Grenoble France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9766-3887","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joaquim","family":"Estopinan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA  Grenoble France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2471-9226","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cyrille","family":"Violle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, INRAE  Montpellier France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franziska","family":"Schrodt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geography University of Nottingham  Nottingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0519-8699","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara Si","family":"Moussi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. 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