{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T04:42:36Z","timestamp":1773117756053,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,23]],"date-time":"2015-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1450828800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gerodontology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study compared the effect of transcutaneous electrical stimulation (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TES<\/jats:styled-content>) amplitude on timing of lingual\u2013palatal and pharyngeal peak pressures during swallowing in healthy younger and older adults.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Transcutaneous electrical stimulation amplitude is one parameter that may have different impacts on the neuromotor system and swallowing physiology. One aspect of swallowing physiology influenced by age is the timing of swallowing events. However, the effect of varying <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TES<\/jats:styled-content> amplitudes on timing of swallowing physiology is poorly understood, especially in older adults.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thirty\u2010four adults (20 younger and 14 older) swallowed 10 ml of nectar\u2010thick liquid under three <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TES<\/jats:styled-content> conditions: no stimulation, low\u2010amplitude stimulation and high\u2010amplitude stimulation. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TES<\/jats:styled-content> was delivered by surface electrodes on the anterior neck. Timing of pressure peaks for lingual\u2013palatal contacts and pharyngeal pressures were measured under each condition.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A significant age \u00d7 stimulation amplitude interaction was identified for the base of tongue (BOT) [F(2,62) = 5.087, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.009] and the hypopharynx (HYPO) [F(2,62) = 3.277, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.044]. At the BOT, low\u2010amplitude <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TES<\/jats:styled-content> resulted in slower swallows in the younger adults compared with no <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TES<\/jats:styled-content>. In older adults, low\u2010amplitude <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TES<\/jats:styled-content> resulted in faster swallows compared with high\u2010amplitude <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TES<\/jats:styled-content>. At the HYPO, no significant differences were identified in pressure timing across the three <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TES<\/jats:styled-content> amplitudes in both age groups. In each case, low\u2010amplitude <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TES<\/jats:styled-content> resulted in faster swallows in older adults compared with younger adults.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Transcutaneous electrical stimulation influences pharyngeal pressure timing differently in young and old people, which questions the appropriateness of using a \u2018one\u2010size\u2010fits\u2010all\u2019 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TES<\/jats:styled-content> amplitude for rehabilitating people with dysphagia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ger.12221","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,23]],"date-time":"2015-12-23T08:56:56Z","timestamp":1450861016000},"page":"24-32","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Effect of transcutaneous electrical stimulation amplitude on timing of swallow pressure peaks between healthy young and older 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