{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T02:52:08Z","timestamp":1790823128532,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,29]],"date-time":"2017-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1496016000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gerodontology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this work was to review the scientific literature on the properties, indications and pitfalls related to nystatin and chlorhexidine in oral medicine and also to compare these to other topical antifungal agents, considering the elderly population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Nystatin is a polyene antifungal widely used as a topical formulation to treat candidiasis, whereas chlorhexidine is a wide\u2010spectrum antimicrobial, especially used against bacteria, but also effective in treating some fungal infections including those caused by <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic> spp. These compounds have been prescribed for immunocompromised patients, hospitalized or not, some of them undergoing head and neck radiation therapy and\/or chemotherapy, including elderly patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Dental and medical literature concerning the use of nystatin and chlorhexidine in oral medicine were selected and reviewed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Nystatin and chlorhexidine are gold\u2010standard antimicrobial mouthrinses respectively for <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic> spp. and bacteria. Although recognized as effective in cotrolling oral infections, both nystatin and chlorhexidine are just complementary to systemic therapy in cases of systemic infections already established. The prescriber should also take into account that some commercial nystatin and chlorhexidine formulations contain compounds such as sugar and ethanol, which can be associated with side effects. Meanwhile, alternative formulations in which these compounds are absent are available and should be considered.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Further studies investigating new drugs and interactions of drug combinations are necessary to improve the therapeutic management of oral infections.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ger.12278","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,29]],"date-time":"2017-05-29T10:12:43Z","timestamp":1496052763000},"page":"291-298","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Use of nystatin and chlorhexidine in oral medicine: Properties, indications and pitfalls with focus on geriatric patients"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Elusa","family":"Scheibler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dental College Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul  Porto Alegre RS Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Claudia Rosa","family":"Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Imunologia e Microbiologia Faculdade de Bioci\u00eancias Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS)  Porto Alegre RS Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renata","family":"Medina da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Imunologia e Microbiologia Faculdade de Bioci\u00eancias Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS)  Porto Alegre RS Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Antonia","family":"Figueiredo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dental College Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul  Porto Alegre RS Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernanda Gon\u00e7alves","family":"Salum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dental College Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul  Porto Alegre RS Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0913-477X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karen","family":"Cherubini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dental College Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul  Porto Alegre RS Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","first-page":"817","article-title":"Spectrum and the in vitro antifungal susceptibility pattern of yeast isolates in Ethiopian HIV patients with oropharyngeal candidiasis","volume":"3","author":"Moges B","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Microbiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5455\/jeim.260911.or.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/44.3.397"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","first-page":"759","article-title":"Compounded preparations with nystatin for oral and oromucosal administration","volume":"70","author":"Sklen\u00e1r Z","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Pol Pharm"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","first-page":"399","article-title":"Chlorhexidine (CHX) in dentistry: state of the art","volume":"61","author":"Varoni E","year":"2012","journal-title":"Minerva Stomatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0103-64402011000400009"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bdj.4813186"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","first-page":"215","article-title":"Physical and chemical analysis of commercial nystatin","volume":"35","author":"Brescansin EG","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.44.10.2887-2890.2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Innovative formulation of nystatin particulate systems in toothpaste for candidiasis treatment","volume":"8","author":"Reis CP","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pharm Dev Technol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.12.4.501"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","unstructured":"CardosoBC.Effect of antifungals in suspensions and biofilms of Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis. 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