{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T11:02:20Z","timestamp":1791889340580,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,31]],"date-time":"2017-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1504137600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gerodontology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"abstract":"Objectives<\/jats:title>Parkinson's disease (PD<\/jats:styled-content>) affects oral health, but prevalence of subjective and objective halitosis and the influence of hyposalivation remain unclear. We aimed to explore whether patients with PD<\/jats:styled-content> suffer from halitosis and to define correlations between halitosis and hyposalivation. We hypothesised that patients with PD<\/jats:styled-content> suffer more often from halitosis compared to healthy controls, influenced by dry mouth.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>Subjective (halitosis, xerostomia visual analogue scale [VAS<\/jats:styled-content>], short German Oral Health Impact Profile [OHIPG<\/jats:styled-content>]\u201014) and objective scales (e.g., organoleptic score, volatile sulphur compounds [VSC<\/jats:styled-content>s], stimulated whole saliva [SWS<\/jats:styled-content>]) were assessed from 26 patients with PD<\/jats:styled-content> and 26 healthy controls.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>The mean organoleptic score was 0.7 (SD<\/jats:styled-content>: 0.7) in all patients, and VSC<\/jats:styled-content>s were either comparable or significantly lower (dimethyl sulphide, P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a0.010) in PD<\/jats:styled-content> patients compared with controls, yet more patients with PD<\/jats:styled-content> perceived halitosis to be stronger (77% vs 54%, respectively; P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.059). Dry mouth was significantly more likely in patients with PD<\/jats:styled-content> than controls: mean xerostomia VAS<\/jats:styled-content> 4 (SD<\/jats:styled-content>: 2) vs 1 (SD<\/jats:styled-content>: 2), P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.010; SWS<\/jats:styled-content> 0.4 (SD<\/jats:styled-content>: 0.4) vs 0.7 (SD<\/jats:styled-content>: 0.6) mL\/min, P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0<\u00a0.05); SWS<\/jats:styled-content> did not correlate with subjective or objective halitosis. Oral health\u2010related quality of life (OHRQoL) was lower in patients with PD<\/jats:styled-content> than controls (mean OHIPG<\/jats:styled-content>\u201014 score 12 (SD<\/jats:styled-content>: 0.2) vs 5 (SD<\/jats:styled-content>: 7.0), respectively; P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0<\u00a0.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions<\/jats:title>Patients with PD<\/jats:styled-content> suffer from subjective and objective halitosis, dry mouth and impaired OHRQoL. Dry mouth problems do not correlate with prevalence or intensity of halitosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ger.12293","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,31]],"date-time":"2017-08-31T12:06:40Z","timestamp":1504181200000},"page":"460-468","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Subjective and objective halitosis among patients with Parkinson's disease"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0169-2582","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna Greta","family":"Barbe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Dental Medicine Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology University of Cologne K\u00f6ln Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deborah H. C.","family":"Deutscher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Dental Medicine Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology University of Cologne K\u00f6ln Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2239-6010","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sonja H. 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