{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T11:32:44Z","timestamp":1768563164437,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,30]],"date-time":"2021-11-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638230400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002920","name":"Research Grants Council, University Grants Committee","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002920","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Gerodontology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To compare the effectiveness of chlorine dioxide, chlorhexidine and placebo sprays in improving oral hygiene among institutionalised elders.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Available evidence suggests that oral sprays may be an effective alternative delivery method for plaque control; however, few studies have evaluated antimicrobial agents other than chlorhexidine.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 228 elders across 11 nursing homes in Hong Kong were recruited into the clinical trial. Participants were randomly allocated into one of the following groups: 0.1% pH\u2010balanced chlorine dioxide spray, 0.2% chlorhexidine spray or sterile water spray (placebo control), once daily. Dental plaque, gingival bleeding and other clinical oral health outcomes were assessed at baseline, 3 and 6\u00a0months. Participant acceptability of the interventions was assessed at the end of the clinical trial.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Review assessments were conducted for 135 elders at 6\u00a0months. Significantly greater reductions in plaque index scores were observed with the chlorhexidine spray (0.4) and chlorine dioxide spray (0.3) than the placebo spray (0.1). While significant reductions in gingival bleeding scores were observed within the chlorhexidine (7.4), chlorine dioxide (7.5) and placebo (5.3) sprays after 6\u00a0months, change scores were not significantly different between groups. Significantly greater increases in the levels of staining were observed in the chlorhexidine spray group (\u22120.1) than the chlorine dioxide (0.0) and placebo spray (0.0) groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Antimicrobial sprays were shown to be effective among institutionalised elders. Chlorine dioxide spray showed equivalent effects on dental plaque and gingival bleeding relative to the chlorhexidine spray over a 6\u2010month period.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ger.12609","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T05:40:24Z","timestamp":1638337224000},"page":"391-400","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["A randomised clinical trial on the effect of oral antimicrobial sprays in institutionalised elders"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Jiaguan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stomatology The Eighth Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat\u2010Sen University  Shenzhen China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Colman","family":"McGrath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Periodontology and Public Health Faculty of Dentistry The University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong SAR China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karen M. 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