{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,15]],"date-time":"2026-08-15T17:39:47Z","timestamp":1786815587489,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,14]],"date-time":"2024-06-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718323200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,14]],"date-time":"2024-06-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Gerodontology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Oral hypofunction comprises seven aspects of oral condition, including oral hygiene, oral dryness, bite strength, tongue\u2010lip motor function, tongue pressure, masticatory function, and swallowing function. Each of these seven has a single diagnostic criterion; however, the use of a single indicator without consideration of sex, age, or other factors is controversial. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between the oral hypofunction test and sex, age, and number of remaining teeth.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study was conducted at 12 facilities by the members of the Japanese Society of Geriatric Dentistry during April to December 2019. The participants comprised 181 healthy older adults aged 65\u2009years and over (56.9% female; age range 65\u201395\u2009years) who regularly visited these facilities. All tests of oral function and oral status available in Japan were performed on the participants, and the association between these tests and sex, age, and number of remaining teeth was examined.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Sex differences were observed in masticatory function, bite force, lip closure force, jaw\u2010opening force, oral diadochokinesis \u201cka,\u201d and tongue coating index (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.05). In men, age was weakly (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.20\u20130.40) associated with masticatory function, jaw\u2010opening force, maximum tongue pressure, oral diadochokinesis, and swallowing function. In women, the number of remaining teeth, masticatory function, jaw\u2010opening force, and oral diadochokinesis \u201cta\u201d and \u201cka\u201d was also weakly associated with age.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Performance on the oral hypofunction test differs by sex, age, and number of remaining teeth. This means that the current single criterion for evaluation requires caution in its interpretation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ger.12770","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,14]],"date-time":"2024-06-14T06:59:01Z","timestamp":1718348341000},"page":"52-60","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Associations of sex, age, and number of remaining teeth with performance on oral hypofunction tests"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Mieko","family":"Okamoto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dentistry and Oral\u2010Maxillofacial Surgery Fujita Health University School of Medicine  Toyoake Aichi Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mitsuyoshi","family":"Yoshida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dentistry and Oral\u2010Maxillofacial Surgery Fujita Health University School of Medicine  Toyoake Aichi Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3678-7015","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kazuhiro","family":"Tsuga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Advanced Prosthodontics, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences Hiroshima University  Hiroshima Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4778-1954","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Koichiro","family":"Matsuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Health Sciences for Community Welfare, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Tokyo Medical and Dental University  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazunori","family":"Ikebe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Removable Prosthodontics and Gerodontology, Graduate School of Dentistry 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