{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T07:35:03Z","timestamp":1785224103732,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,10]],"date-time":"2025-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752105600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,10]],"date-time":"2025-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752105600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Gerodontology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Self\u2010administered tongue exercises (TEs) are proposed as an effective, low\u2010cost and convenient intervention for improving maximum tongue strength and endurance. However, age\u2010related factors make self\u2010administered TEs more challenging for older individuals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to evaluate the effects of self\u2010administered TEs on maximum tongue strength and endurance in older individuals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Material and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Seventy\u2010two healthy volunteers, both young and older groups, were randomly allocated to three self\u2010administered TE groups: tongue wrap, tongue corner and tongue paint. Maximum tongue strength and tongue endurance were assessed at baseline (T0) and after 4\u2009weeks of training (T1) using the Iowa Oral Performance Instrument (IOPI). The Wilcoxon signed\u2010rank test was used to compare pre\u2010 and post\u2010intervention outcomes within groups, and the Kruskal\u2013Wallis test was used to compare gains among groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      After 4\u2009weeks of self\u2010administered TEs, the average gains in maximum tongue strength and endurance did not differ significantly between young and older participants. The gains in maximum tongue strength for young and older participants were as follows: tongue wrap (7.7 vs. 3.3\u2009kPa,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.2), tongue corner (4.0 vs. 1.7\u2009kPa,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.6) and tongue paint (3.5 vs. 3.7\u2009kPa,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20091.0). For tongue endurance, young and older participants gained 3.9 vs. 13.0\u2009s (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.2), 1.3 vs. 11.0\u2009s (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.1) and 3.8 vs. \u22120.2\u2009s (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.5), respectively. While the tongue paint exercise resulted in the highest gains in maximum tongue strength, and the tongue wrap exercise showed the greatest improvement in tongue endurance among older adults, these differences were not statistically significant.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Four weeks of self\u2010administered TEs had a positive impact on tongue strength and endurance in older individuals. Although our findings are most compatible with no important difference among exercise types in the older, notable patterns suggest potential benefits. Future studies should explore optimal exercise intensity and duration to maximise effectiveness.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ger.70005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,10]],"date-time":"2025-07-10T12:41:17Z","timestamp":1752151277000},"page":"602-610","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The Effect of Different Self\u2010Administered Tongue Exercises on Tongue Strength and Endurance in Older Adults"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Thunchanok","family":"Suppapatpong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry Chulalongkorn University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0170-243X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Atiphan","family":"Pimkhaokham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry Chulalongkorn University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0511-4678","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Boosana","family":"Kaboosaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry Chulalongkorn University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.154.5.2108569"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2007.08.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","unstructured":"IOPI Medical LLC \u201cIowa Oral Performance Instrument: users manual \u201d (2008) http:\/\/www.iopimedical.com."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-024-05932-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-017-9858-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/1092-4388(2009\/09-0048)"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-008-9171-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-006-9013-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","unstructured":"J.LekvichittadaandB.Kaboosaya \u201cComparison of Two Tongue Strengthening Exercises on Increasing Tongue Mobility in Healthy Young Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial Study Paper presented at: RSU International Research Conference2023 \u201d."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-013-9451-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2018.01.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.13076"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-198801000-00015"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/2016_AJSLP-15-0051"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10005-1926"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.30974"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-020-10216-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.12835"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphys.2014.06.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2016.05.009"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","first-page":"651","article-title":"Speech and Swallowing Rehabilitation for Head and Neck Cancer Patients","volume":"11","author":"Logemann J. 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