{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,15]],"date-time":"2026-02-15T05:02:42Z","timestamp":1771131762459,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759968000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759968000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Gerodontology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the effects of tongue\u2010strengthening exercise (TSE) based on exercise intensity on tongue strength and thickness in older adults with sarcopenic dysphagia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Participants were randomly assigned to groups 1 and 2. Group 1 underwent TSE at an intensity of 80% 1\u2010repetition maximum (1RM) for 90 times\/day, 5\u2009days\/week, for 8\u2009weeks. In contrast, group 2 performed TSE at an intensity of 50% 1RM for the same period and number of times as group 1. The outcome measures were tongue strength, thickness and dropout rate owing to exercise compliance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Tongue strength increased from 16.7 to 22.1\u2009kPa in Group 1 (\n                      <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20092.97) and from 16.9 to 19.1\u2009kPa in Group 2 (\n                      <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20091.18). Tongue thickness increased from 37.1 to 40.5\u2009mm in Group 1 (\n                      <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20091.13) and from 37.9 to 38.8\u2009mm in Group 2 (\n                      <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.31). Post\u2010intervention, Group 1 achieved greater gains than Group 2 in both strength (+3.0\u2009kPa,\n                      <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20091.46) and thickness (+1.7\u2009mm,\n                      <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.56). Dropout rates were 26.7% in Group 1 and 6.7% in Group 2.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>TSE with an intensity of 80% 1RM was more effective than 50% 1RM in increasing tongue strength and thickness in older adults with sarcopenic dysphagia, but showed a relatively high dropout rate. Thus, it is recommended to select and apply an appropriate exercise intensity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ger.70024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T12:31:18Z","timestamp":1760013078000},"page":"125-130","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Tongue\u2010Strengthening Exercise in Older Adults With Sarcopenic Dysphagia: A Randomised Controlled Trial"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Ji\u2010Su","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Korean Medicine Pusan National University  Yangsan Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sun\u2010Hwa","family":"Shim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Medical Science Jeonju University  Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8105-8252","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Na\u2010Kyoung","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational Therapy Seoul Metropolitan Bukbu Hospital  Seoul Republic of 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