{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]],"date-time":"2026-08-22T07:24:15Z","timestamp":1787383455666,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780012800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780012800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Gerodontology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Comprehensively, systematically and reproducibly assessing and describing the (oral) health status and care needs of older adults is challenging. We aimed to provide a framework for evaluating and reporting older adults' oral health, capturing general and oral function and disease, as well as oral, systemic and socio\u2010economic\/social risk factors determining oral care complexity and capability, care needs and levels, and clinical management, including prevention, active and supportive therapy, as well as informing education, research, surveillance and health services. The present paper describes the first aspect, staging of oral health in this population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eight reviews were conducted to identify risk factors for deterioration of oral health in older adults; existing systematic reviews were further considered during the framework development. A 2.5\u2010day workshop with 31 international researchers and stakeholders was held and a structured consensus process implemented to come to an agreed, internationally applicable framework. A 75% level of agreement was achieved after two rounds of voting.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A case definition based on staging and grading, reflecting the current general and oral health and function, care complexity, and the risk of deterioration of oral health due to local, systemic, and socio\u2010economic and social factors, was developed. Staging includes person\u2010level (based on clinical frailty), function\u2010level (based on clinical and subjective evaluations reflecting oral function, such as tooth loss and oral impacts), and disease\u2010level (including caries, periodontal disease, and oral mucosa assessments) domains.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Oral health staging in older adults can allow clinicians, carers, and policymakers to systematically and comprehensively define and classify patient cases in order to derive appropriate and adequate care. Staging should be used in combination with grading, and both may allow capturing the overall health status and care needs of older patients for health surveillance, research, and education purposes. Next steps will include validation, dissemination, and implementation of the framework.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ger.70058","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T10:56:36Z","timestamp":1780052196000},"page":"287-295","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Staging in Gerodontology: A Framework"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"43","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1223-1669","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Falk","family":"Schwendicke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry, Periodontology and Digital Dentistry, LMU University Hospital LMU Munich  Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8478-1673","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gerry","family":"McKenna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Public Health Queen's University Belfast  Belfast UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3365-576X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Murali","family":"Srinivasan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of General\u2010, Special Care\u2010 and Geriatric Dentistry, Center for Dental Medicine University of Zurich  Zurich Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Physiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Center of Excellence in Precision Medicine and Digital Health Chulalongkorn University  Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Azize","family":"Bell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e4tsmedizin der Johannes Gutenberg\u2010Universit\u00e4t Mainz Poliklinik f\u00fcr Zahn\u00e4rztliche Prothetik und Werkstoffkunde  Mainz Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4094-6955","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Najla","family":"Chebib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gerodontology and Removable Prosthodontics, University Clinics of Dental Medicine University of Geneva  Geneva Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9317-0847","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristiane","family":"Da Mata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Restorative Dentistry Cork University Dental School and Hospital, UCC  Cork 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and Health Sciences Ghent University  Ghent Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Oral Health Ghent University Hospital  Ghent Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danielle M.","family":"Layton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences University of Queensland  St Lucia Queensland Australia"},{"name":"Specialist Private Practice  St Lucia Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manabu","family":"Kanazawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gerodontology and Oral Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Institute of Science Tokyo  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0610-6984","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anastassia","family":"Kossioni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Gerodontology, Department of Prosthodontics, Dental School National and Kapodistrian University of Athens  Psachna Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabrina","family":"Maniewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gerodontology and Removable Prosthodontics, University Clinics of Dental Medicine University of Geneva  Geneva Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koichiro","family":"Matsuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Health Sciences for Community Welfare, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Institute of Science Tokyo  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5493-0295","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro Molinero","family":"Mourelle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine University of Bern  Bern 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Health Sciences Ghent University  Ghent Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Neurology Ghent University Hospital  Ghent Belgium"},{"name":"Dental Department, Chulabhorn Hospital Chulabhorn Royal Academy  Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Foteini","family":"Spyraki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gerodontology and Removable Prosthodontics, University Clinics of Dental Medicine University of Geneva  Geneva Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-2267-632X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kittipit","family":"Srisanoi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of General\u2010, Special Care\u2010 and Geriatric Dentistry, Center for Dental Medicine University of Zurich  Zurich Switzerland"},{"name":"Faculty of Dentistry Khon Kaen University  Khon Kaen 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