{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T20:52:40Z","timestamp":1793911960550,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,17]],"date-time":"2026-05-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778976000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,17]],"date-time":"2026-05-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778976000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Gerodontology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This systematic review and meta\u2010analysis evaluated the relationship between multimorbidity and polypharmacy on the oral health in older adults (aged 75\u2009years or older). The PECO focus question set for this study was, \u2018What is the occurrence, association and impact of multimorbidity and polypharmacy on the oral conditions and its management in older adults?\u2019.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Electronic searches of MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase, and the Cochrane Library were conducted using the PECO (Population Exposure Comparison Outcome)\u00a0framework. About 3433 studies published until April of 2025 were screened. Risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle\u2013Ottawa Scale. All eligible studies were descriptively analysed; studies that provided sufficient information were meta\u2010analysed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twenty\u2010three studies [21 cross\u2010sectional and 2 cohort studies] were included. Polypharmacy showed a significant association with dry mouth, as demonstrated by the pooled analysis (OR\u2009=\u20092.05; 95% CI: 1.31\u20133.22), along with consistent findings linking a higher number of medications to dry mouth and hyposalivation. Poor oral health assessment tool (OHAT) scores were also consistently associated with polypharmacy. In contrast, findings regarding multimorbidity\/comorbidity were not consistently associated with dry mouth or\u00a0with poor OHAT scores. Both exposures showed inconsistent associations with number of teeth, edentulism, and oral function. Quality assessment indicated that the included studies were predominantly at low risk of bias.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Polypharmacy may impact on dry mouth and hyposalivation in older adults, potentially independent of multimorbidity. However, the impact of multimorbidity and polypharmacy on other oral conditions remains unclear. Further high\u2010quality evidence, particularly from longitudinal studies, is needed to clarify these relationships and establish causal associations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial Registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PROSPERO Registration: CRD420251003698<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ger.70065","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T06:20:04Z","timestamp":1779085204000},"page":"403-419","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Associations Between Multimorbidity, Polypharmacy and Oral Conditions in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"43","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-2267-632X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kittipit","family":"Srisanoi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of General, Special Care, and Geriatric Dentistry Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich  Zurich Switzerland"},{"name":"Faculty of Dentistry Khon Kaen University  Khon Kaen Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3343-787X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sabrina","family":"Maniewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gerodontology and Removable Prosthodontics University Clinics of Dental Medicine, University of Geneva  Geneva Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6812-4849","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudio Rodrigues","family":"Leles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of General, Special Care, and Geriatric Dentistry Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich  Zurich Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Prevention and Oral Rehabilitation, School of Dentistry Federal University of Goias  Goainia Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8478-1673","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gerry","family":"McKenna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of General, Special Care, and Geriatric Dentistry Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich  Zurich Switzerland"},{"name":"Center of Public Health Queen's University of Belfast Institute of Clinical Sciences  Belfast UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3981-0134","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frauke","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gerodontology and Removable Prosthodontics University Clinics of Dental Medicine, University of Geneva  Geneva Switzerland"},{"name":"Center of Excellence in Precision Medicine and Digital Health, International Program in Geriatric Dentistry and Special Patients Care, Faculty of Dentistry Chulalongkorn University  Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3365-576X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Murali","family":"Srinivasan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of General, Special Care, and Geriatric Dentistry Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich  Zurich Switzerland"},{"name":"Center of Excellence in Precision Medicine and Digital Health, International Program in Geriatric Dentistry and Special Patients Care, Faculty of Dentistry Chulalongkorn University  Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,17]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","first-page":"278","article-title":"You Only Notice Them if You Understand Them: Geriatric Syndromes","volume":"71","author":"Rooij S. 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