{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]],"date-time":"2026-08-22T07:25:03Z","timestamp":1787383503497,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779840000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779840000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Gerodontology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Evidence remains limited on whether health literacy is associated with time\u2010specific toothbrushing occasions across the day.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To examine time\u2010specific toothbrushing patterns according to health literacy levels and to determine whether lower health literacy was associated with failure to brush at key times among older adults in Korea.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using the KNHANES IX (2023), we analysed 1,836 adults aged \u2265\u200965\u2009years. Toothbrushing on the previous day was reported for eight occasions (before breakfast, after breakfast, before lunch, after lunch, before dinner, after dinner, after having a snack, and before bedtime). Health literacy (10\u2010item scale; 10\u201340) was categorised as low (\u2264\u200928), moderate (29\u201330), or high (\u2265\u200931). Complex\u2010sample weighted logistic regression estimated ORs (95% CIs) for failure to brush at specific times with hierarchical adjustment (demographic characteristics, socioeconomic status, health practices).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Lower health literacy was more common among older adults and those with lower income\/education. Brushing was most frequent after breakfast and after dinner. Compared with high health literacy, low health literacy was associated with higher odds of not brushing before breakfast (OR 1.43, 95% CI 1.02\u20132.00) and after lunch (OR 1.38, 95% CI 1.00\u20131.91) after adjustment for sociodemographic factors; associations were attenuated after full adjustment. No consistent associations were found for failure to brush after breakfast or before bedtime.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Health literacy was associated with time\u2010specific toothbrushing, with before\u2010breakfast and after\u2010lunch brushing identified as priority prevention targets among older adults.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ger.70094","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T06:24:52Z","timestamp":1779949492000},"page":"575-582","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Health Literacy and Time\u2010Specific Toothbrushing Practices in Older Adults: An Analysis of the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey,\n                    <scp>KNHANES IX<\/scp>\n                    (2023)"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"43","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8262-9253","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ji\u2010Young","family":"Son","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dental Hygiene, College of Bioecological Health Shinhan University  Uijeongbu Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soon\u2010Yong","family":"Son","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiological Science, College of Healthcare and Medical Sciences Wonkwang University  Iksan Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1175898"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gerinurse.2025.103694"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","volume-title":"Health Literacy","author":"World Health 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