{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T08:15:07Z","timestamp":1788423307302,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788393600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788393600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001411","name":"Indian Council of Medical Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["3\/1\/2(1) GER\/2021\u2010NCD\u2010II"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3\/1\/2(1) GER\/2021\u2010NCD\u2010II"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001411","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Gerodontology"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Root surface caries is an increasingly important public health concern as populations age and retain more natural teeth. Exposed root surfaces, periodontal attachment loss and social and behavioural factors interact to shape disease patterns. This study investigated root surface caries experience and its associated indicators among community\u2010dwelling adults aged 65\u201374\u2009years in Ghaziabad District, Uttar Pradesh.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A community\u2010based cross\u2010sectional study was conducted among 820 dentate participants selected using proportionate stratified random sampling. Data were collected using a pretested structured questionnaire and standardized clinical examinations following World Health Organization criteria. Root surface caries experience was quantified using the Root Caries Index (RCI). Sociodemographic characteristics, oral hygiene practices, tobacco use, and periodontal indicators were recorded. Associations were investigated using descriptive analyses and multivariable logistic regression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Root surface caries was identified in 37.7% of participants. Prevalence was higher among males and among those aged 70\u201374\u2009years. The prevalence of root surface caries was higher among participants with gingival recession, fewer remaining teeth, tobacco use, and lower socioeconomic position. In multivariable analysis, gingival recession and selected behavioural factors remained independently associated with root surface caries.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A substantial burden of root surface caries was observed among older adults in this North Indian community. The findings highlight the close relationship between periodontal status, behavioural factors, and root surface caries, underscoring the need for integrated preventive and periodontal care strategies for ageing populations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ger.70121","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T07:47:16Z","timestamp":1788421636000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Risk Indicators for Root Surface Caries Among Indian Adults Aged 65\u201374\u2009Years"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0302-0715","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iram","family":"Ahsan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences (MAIDS)  New Delhi India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8634-7501","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ritu","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ITS Centre for Dental Studies and Research  Ghaziabad Uttar Pradesh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ipseeta","family":"Menon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences (KIDS)  Bhubaneswar India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vikram","family":"Arora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ITS Dental College  Greater Noida India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dipshikha","family":"Das","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Government Dental College  Dibrugarh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asifa","family":"Ashraf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Government Dental College  Srinagar India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","volume-title":"The Demography of Aging in Low\u2010 and Middle\u2010Income Countries: Chronological Versus Functional Perspectives","author":"Sudharsanan N.","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/647168","article-title":"Older Adults at Greater Risk for Root Surface Caries: A Multifactorial Perspective","volume":"2011","author":"Gati D.","year":"2011","journal-title":"International Journal of Dentistry"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","article-title":"Oral Health and Quality of Life of Older Adults","volume":"6","author":"Chan A. K. Y.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Geriatrics"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_1053_19","article-title":"Prevalence and Risk Indicators of Root Surface Caries in Rural Older Adults","volume":"9","author":"Sen S.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1159\/000345078","article-title":"Antecedents and Associations of Root Surface Caries Experience Among 38\u2010Year\u2010Olds","volume":"47","author":"Thomson W. M.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Caries Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2018.11.008","article-title":"Global Prevalence of Root Caries: A Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis","volume":"31","author":"Pentapati K. C.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Saudi Dental Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","first-page":"e260","article-title":"Prevalence of Root Surface Caries Among Older Adults in Bengaluru, India","volume":"8","author":"Kumara\u2010Raja B.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical and Experimental Dentistry"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","volume-title":"National Oral Health Survey and Fluoride Mapping 2002\u20132003","author":"Bali R. K.","year":"2004"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","first-page":"295","article-title":"Prevalence of Root Surface Caries Among Patients Attending Rakcods Hospital","volume":"13","author":"Islam S.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of International Dental and Medical Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.2307\/2529310","article-title":"The Measurement of Observer Agreement for Categorical Data","volume":"33","author":"Landis J. 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A.","year":"2017"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","first-page":"285","article-title":"Dietary and Behavioural Risk Factors for Root Caries in Disadvantaged Older Adults","volume":"3","author":"Gkavela G.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Dietetics"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","first-page":"385","article-title":"Active and Inactive Root Surface Caries Lesions in 60\u201380\u2010Year\u2010Old Danes","volume":"25","author":"Fejerskov O.","year":"1991","journal-title":"Caries Research"},{"issue":"20","key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2191","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.281053","article-title":"Declaration of Helsinki: Ethical Principles for Medical Research Involving Human Subjects","volume":"310","author":"World Medical Association","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of the American Medical Association"}],"container-title":["Gerodontology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ger.70121","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/ger.70121","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ger.70121","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T07:47:20Z","timestamp":1788421640000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/ger.70121"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]]},"references-count":20,"alternative-id":["10.1111\/ger.70121"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ger.70121","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0734-0664","1741-2358"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0734-0664","type":"print"},{"value":"1741-2358","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-01-23","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-26","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-03","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"ger.70121"}}