{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T08:56:45Z","timestamp":1787907405607,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,29]],"date-time":"2013-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1377734400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Geriatrics Gerontology Int"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>It is important to understand dysphagia in patients with dementia, as it is associated with malnutrition and aspiration pneumonia. Particularly in patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>lzheimer's disease (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AD<\/jats:styled-content>), mortality from pneumonia is high and accounts for 70% of the causes of death. However, the standard swallowing tests are often difficult to use for patients with dementia, and methods to assess daily swallowing function are required. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to identify signs of dysphagia in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AD<\/jats:styled-content> patients in daily life.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 155 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AD<\/jats:styled-content> patients underwent evaluation of their swallowing function (modified water swallowing test), oral status (residual teeth, occlusal contacts), oral functions (lips function, tongue function, rinsing and gargling ability), vital functions (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">B<\/jats:styled-content>arthel Index, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">V<\/jats:styled-content>itality Index), nutritional status (serum albumin, body mass index), cognitive function and neurological signs (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>ini\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>ental <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">S<\/jats:styled-content>tate <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">E<\/jats:styled-content>xamination, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>linical <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">D<\/jats:styled-content>ementia <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">R<\/jats:styled-content>ating, limb contractures), and diet\u2010related assessments (storing food in the mouth, stuffing food into the mouth, appetite, caloric intake).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The severity of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AD<\/jats:styled-content> was significantly associated with swallowing function (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). According to logistic regression analysis, the factor most significantly associated with dysphagia was \u201crinsing ability\u201d (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.001, odds ratio 4.8, 95% confidence interval 1.9\u201312.1).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The factors that affect swallowing function in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AD<\/jats:styled-content> patients were examined. The swallowing function of severe <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AD<\/jats:styled-content> patients was poor, and an association between <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AD<\/jats:styled-content> and dysphagia was shown. Defective rinsing ability was identified as a risk factor for dysphagia. Therefore, observation of daily rinsing ability appears to be useful to identify signs of dysphagia in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AD<\/jats:styled-content> patients. <jats:bold>Geriatr Gerontol Int 2014; 14: 549\u2013555.<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.12131","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,30]],"date-time":"2013-08-30T04:31:40Z","timestamp":1377837100000},"page":"549-555","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Detecting signs of dysphagia in patients with <scp>A<\/scp>lzheimer's disease with oral feeding in daily life"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Emiko","family":"Sato","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral Medicine and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Tokyo Dental College  Chiba Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hirohiko","family":"Hirano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Institute of Gerontology  Chiba Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yutaka","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology  Chiba Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayako","family":"Edahiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Institute of Gerontology  Chiba Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazumichi","family":"Sato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral Cancer Center Tokyo Dental College  Chiba Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Genyuki","family":"Yamane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tokyo Dental College  Chiba Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akira","family":"Katakura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral Medicine and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Tokyo Dental College  Chiba Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","unstructured":"Statistics Bureau Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications.2010 population census of Japan. 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