{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T04:34:52Z","timestamp":1778819692911,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,30]],"date-time":"2013-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1380499200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Geriatrics Gerontology Int"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,7]]},"abstract":"Aim<\/jats:title>Depression in A<\/jats:styled-content>lzheimer's disease (AD<\/jats:styled-content>) has different clinical manifestations from primary depression of non\u2010demented patients. We designed the present study to explore the following: (i) to determine the clinical characteristics of patients with and without depression according to observational and subjective depression screening scale; and (ii) to examine the depression prevalence rate in patients with AD<\/jats:styled-content> according to these criteria.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>The G<\/jats:styled-content>eriatric D<\/jats:styled-content>epression S<\/jats:styled-content>cale (GDS<\/jats:styled-content>, observational scale) and N<\/jats:styled-content>europsychiatry I<\/jats:styled-content>nventory Depression subscale (NPI<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010D<\/jats:styled-content>; subjective scale) were administered to 257 patients with drug\u2010na\u00efve probable AD<\/jats:styled-content>. The study groups were classified into the three subgroups of \u201cno\u2010depression\u201d, GDS<\/jats:styled-content> depression and NPI\u2010DS<\/jats:styled-content> (NPI<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010D<\/jats:styled-content> significant) depression group, and the clinical characteristics of these subgroups were examined.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>The NPI\u2010DS<\/jats:styled-content> depression group showed lower scores on the Korean version of the Mini\u2010Mental State Examination compared with the no\u2010depression group, and higher NPI<\/jats:styled-content> subdomain scores compared with other groups. The GDS<\/jats:styled-content> depression group showed higher NPI<\/jats:styled-content> motor subdomain scores compared with the no\u2010depression group. Depression defined by NPI\u2010DS<\/jats:styled-content> was the least frequent (10.5%), and NPI\u2010DA<\/jats:styled-content> (NPI<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010D any) was the most frequent (56.4%). The prevalence of depression defined by GDS<\/jats:styled-content> and anti\u2010depressant usage was 30.0% and 16.0% each. The level of agreement between the screening tools determined through the kappa index was from low to moderate.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions<\/jats:title>The present study showed that different depression screening tools revealed a different prevalence and poor concordance rate among depression screening tools. Considering lower cognitive functions and higher BPSD<\/jats:styled-content> symptoms in the NPI\u2010DS<\/jats:styled-content> depression group, NPI\u2010DS<\/jats:styled-content> could be associated with disease severity in AD<\/jats:styled-content> patients. However, the clinical significance of GDS<\/jats:styled-content> remains uncertain. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2014; 14: 660\u2013666.<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.12154","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,12]],"date-time":"2013-10-12T01:32:49Z","timestamp":1381541569000},"page":"660-666","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Clinical characteristics according to depression screening tools in patients with A<\/scp>lzheimer's disease: View from self, caregiver\u2010reported and drug\u2010intervention pattern"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Yong Tae","family":"Kwak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Hyoja Geriatric Hospital Yongin shi Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"YoungSoon","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Seoul Veterans Hospital Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seon Jong","family":"Pyo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology College of Medicine Korea University Guro Hospital Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Min\u2010Seong","family":"Koo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry College of Medicine Kwandong University Kangnung Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00019442-199811000-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/jnp.10.4.440"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1159\/000320137","article-title":"Predictive utility of type and duration of symptoms at initial presentation in patients with mild cognitive impairment","volume":"30","author":"Devier DJ","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.160.5.857"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-2010-100153","article-title":"Depression in Alzheimer's disease. 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