{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T18:38:30Z","timestamp":1785350310933,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"S2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,20]],"date-time":"2014-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1395273600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Geriatrics Gerontology Int"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To assess the effect of cerumen impaction and its removal on hearing ability and cognitive function in elderly patients with memory disorders in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">J<\/jats:styled-content>apan.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pure tone audiometry (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PTA<\/jats:styled-content>) and the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>ini\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>ental <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">S<\/jats:styled-content>tate <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">E<\/jats:styled-content>xamination (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MMSE<\/jats:styled-content>) were administered to participants before and after cerumen removal. Participants who had cerumen impaction in the better\u2010hearing ear comprised the case group; the control group consisted of participants who either did not have cerumen impaction or had it in the worse hearing ear. Hearing and cognition changes were compared between the groups after cerumen removal.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 55 patients who completed all examinations were assigned to the case group (29 patients) or the control group (26 patients). The average hearing change was 4.6\u2009\u00b1\u20097.4 in the case group and 0.9\u2009\u00b1\u20090.9 in the control group (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.029). The average change in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MMSE<\/jats:styled-content> score was 0.7\u2009\u00b1\u20092.5 in the case group and \u22121.0\u2009\u00b1\u20094.1 in the control group (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.068). The case group showed a significant improvement in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MMSE<\/jats:styled-content> scores after age adjustment compared with the control group (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.049).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hearing improved significantly in the case group relative to controls after cerumen removal. A significant cognitive improvement in the case group relative to controls was additionally observed after cerumen removal with age adjustment. Thus, the present results suggest routine ear canal examinations might benefit elderly individuals with memory disorders. <jats:bold>Geriatr Gerontol Int 2014; 14 (Suppl. 2): 56\u201361.<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.12251","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,21]],"date-time":"2014-03-21T00:41:08Z","timestamp":1395362468000},"page":"56-61","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Effect of cerumen impaction on hearing and cognitive functions in <scp>J<\/scp>apanese older adults with cognitive impairment"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Saiko","family":"Sugiura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology National Institute for Longevity Science  Obu Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minori","family":"Yasue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology National Institute for Longevity Science  Obu Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Sakurai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Comprehensive Care and Research on Memory Disorders National Institute for Longevity Science  Obu Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chieko","family":"Sumigaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Comprehensive Care and Research on Memory Disorders National Institute for Longevity Science  Obu Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasue","family":"Uchida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology National Institute for Longevity Science  Obu Japan"},{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology Aichi Medical University  Nagakute Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tsutomu","family":"Nakashima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology Graduate School of Medicine Nagoya University  Nagoya Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenji","family":"Toba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Longevity Science National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology  Obu Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","first-page":"141","volume-title":"The Human Ear Canal","author":"Ballachanda BB","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","first-page":"245","article-title":"Conductive hearing loss in the elderly","volume":"15","author":"Ruby RR","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Otolaryngol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-4572(87)80138-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2648.1990.tb01859.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","first-page":"302","article-title":"Incidence of occlusion due to impacted cerumen among mentally retarded adolescents","volume":"91","author":"Brister F","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am J Ment Defic"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","first-page":"568","article-title":"Incidence of excessive\/impacted cerumen in individuals with mental retardation: a longitudinal investigation","volume":"97","author":"Crandell CC","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Ment Defic"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.5540740102"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0024238"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2010.362"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1525-8610(04)70455-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3143\/geriatrics.49.325"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","first-page":"189","article-title":"\u201cMini\u2010Mental State\u201d: a practical method of grading the cognitive function of patients or the clinician","volume":"12","author":"Folstein MF","year":"1978","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","first-page":"61","article-title":"Functional evaluation: the Barthel Index","volume":"14","author":"Mahoney FI","year":"1965","journal-title":"Md State Med J"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2010.03.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1986.tb04204.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3310\/hta14280"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-009-1162-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2003.11.014"}],"container-title":["Geriatrics &amp; 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