{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]],"date-time":"2025-11-25T08:49:48Z","timestamp":1764060588574},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,15]],"date-time":"2014-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1397520000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Geriatrics Gerontology Int"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,4]]},"abstract":"Aim<\/jats:title>The present study aimed to investigate whether cognitive reserve (CR<\/jats:styled-content>), referring here to education and premorbid intelligence (IQ<\/jats:styled-content>), is associated with the risk for progression from mild cognitive impairment (MCI<\/jats:styled-content>) to A<\/jats:styled-content>lzheimer's disease (AD<\/jats:styled-content>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>A total of 51 patients with MCI<\/jats:styled-content> and 59 patients with AD<\/jats:styled-content> were prospectively enrolled for assessment with the M<\/jats:styled-content>ini\u2010M<\/jats:styled-content>ental S<\/jats:styled-content>tate E<\/jats:styled-content>xamination, the J<\/jats:styled-content>apanese version of the cognitive subscale of the A<\/jats:styled-content>lzheimer's D<\/jats:styled-content>isease A<\/jats:styled-content>ssessment S<\/jats:styled-content>cale, the J<\/jats:styled-content>apanese version of the N<\/jats:styled-content>elson A<\/jats:styled-content>dult R<\/jats:styled-content>eading T<\/jats:styled-content>est (JART<\/jats:styled-content>), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI<\/jats:styled-content>) and single\u2010photon emission computed tomography (SPECT<\/jats:styled-content>), adjusting for sex, age at diagnosis, age at onset and duration of illness.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>SPECT<\/jats:styled-content> findings showed hypoperfusion in the posterior cingulate gyri and precunei, suggesting that the participants were in the early or mild stage of AD<\/jats:styled-content> or MCI<\/jats:styled-content>. Voxel\u2010based morphometry MRI<\/jats:styled-content> showed no statistical differences between the two groups in gray matter loss in the entorhinal and hippocampal areas; however, multiple logistic regression analysis showed a significant difference in premorbid IQ<\/jats:styled-content> measured with JART<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusion<\/jats:title>Despite the limitations of the cross\u2010sectional design, the findings suggest that premorbid intellectual function might explain the discrepancy in clinical status between MCI<\/jats:styled-content> and AD<\/jats:styled-content> patients with a similar magnitude of brain pathology and comorbid medical disorders. 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