{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T16:22:50Z","timestamp":1770222170139,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,8]],"date-time":"2015-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1431043200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research","award":["21390267"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21390267"]}]},{"name":"Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research","award":["24591263"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24591263"]}]},{"name":"Challenging Research","award":["24659651"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24659651"]}]},{"name":"Research Committees"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Geriatrics Gerontology Int"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>The world is rapidly aging, and is facing an increase of late\u2010elderly dementia patients. It is important to investigate the characteristic features of late\u2010elderly dementia in a super\u2010aged country.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We examined 1554 patients with cognitive decline in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">D<\/jats:styled-content>epartment of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">N<\/jats:styled-content>eurology, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">O<\/jats:styled-content>kayama <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">U<\/jats:styled-content>niversity Hospital, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">O<\/jats:styled-content>kayama, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">J<\/jats:styled-content>apan, divided into three subgroups according to the age: young\u2010elderly (age \u226464 years), middle\u2010elderly (age 65\u201374 years) and late\u2010elderly (age 75 years), and investigated the cognitive, affective and activities of daily living functions (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ADL<\/jats:styled-content>), especially in late\u2010elderly patients compared with young\u2010elderly and middle\u2010elderly patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among 1554 patients, Alzheimer's disease dominated at 62%, and age\u2010dependently increased up to 69% in the late\u2010elderly group. The total scores of four cognitive tests were significantly worse with aging for specific subscales of orientation, recall, visual retention, word fluency and so on. In contrast, total scores of the affective tests showed only an increase in the apathy scale in the late\u2010elderly group. Each subgroup showed depressive\/depression in 63.2\u201355.2%, and apathy in 44.2\u201354.8%. Furthermore, instrumental <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ADL<\/jats:styled-content> items significantly deteriorated in the late\u2010elderly group, which statistically correlated with Mini\u2010Mental State Examination score.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>These results show that the late\u2010elderly group is characterized by significant cognitive declines, increasing apathy, and instrumental <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ADL<\/jats:styled-content> decrease. The cognitive decline may be related to such affective and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ADL<\/jats:styled-content> declines. <jats:bold>Geriatr Gerontol Int 2016; 16: 458\u2010465.<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.12492","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,8]],"date-time":"2015-05-08T08:19:09Z","timestamp":1431073149000},"page":"458-465","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Characteristic features of cognitive, affective and daily living functions of late\u2010elderly dementia"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Nozomi","family":"Hishikawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Graduate School of Medicine Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Okayama University  Okayama Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yusuke","family":"Fukui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Graduate School of Medicine Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Okayama University  Okayama Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kota","family":"Sato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Graduate School of Medicine Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Okayama University  Okayama Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Syoichiro","family":"Kono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Graduate School of Medicine Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Okayama University  Okayama Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Toru","family":"Yamashita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Graduate School of Medicine Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Okayama University  Okayama Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yasuyuki","family":"Ohta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Graduate School of Medicine Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Okayama University  Okayama Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kentaro","family":"Deguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Graduate School of Medicine Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Okayama University  Okayama Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Koji","family":"Abe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Graduate School of Medicine Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Okayama University  Okayama Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","first-page":"92","volume-title":"Dementia: A Public Health Priority","author":"World Health Organization and Alzheimer's Disease International","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-010-0654-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.34.7.939"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.43.2.250"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000187889.17253.b1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.51.6.1546"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.43.11.2412-a"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2005.06.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2009.266"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2015.01.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","first-page":"78","article-title":"Rates and risk factors for dementia and Alzheimer's disease: results from EURODEM pooled analyses. 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