{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T17:51:30Z","timestamp":1773942690893,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,10]],"date-time":"2016-11-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1478736000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Geriatrics Gerontology Int"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>The angiotensin\u2010converting enzyme gene (<jats:italic>ACE<\/jats:italic>) insertion (I)\/deletion (D) polymorphism is considered a biologically plausible gene for Alzheimer's disease (AD) in cross\u2010sectional studies. The present study aimed to investigate the longitudinal effect of <jats:italic>ACE<\/jats:italic> I\/D polymorphism on AD progression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This 3\u2010year observational study investigated the longitudinal effect of <jats:italic>ACE<\/jats:italic> I\/D polymorphism on AD progression. Clinically diagnosed AD patients with a clinical dementia rating (CDR) of 0.5 or 1 were enrolled in the study. The Mini\u2010Mental State Examination (MMSE), Cognitive Assessment Screening Instrument (CASI) and the CDR scale were carried out for all patients on the date of the initial interview and 36\u00a0\u00b1\u00a06\u00a0months after the initial evaluation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 177 patients with sporadic AD were enrolled in this study. Among all patients, those with the I\/I genotype showed a higher risk of CDR deterioration (I\/I versus I\/D\u00a0+\u00a0D\/D: adjusted OR 2.103, 95% CI 1.113\u20133.972; adjusted <jats:italic>P\u00a0=<\/jats:italic>\u00a00.022). Among 74 AD patients without hypertension, those with the I\/I genotype showed significantly greater differences in the MMSE, CASI and the CDR\u2010sum of box scores, and a higher risk of CDR deterioration (I\/I versus I\/D\u00a0+\u00a0D\/D: adjusted OR 3.255, 95% CI 1.099\u20139.639; adjusted <jats:italic>P\u00a0=<\/jats:italic>\u00a00.033) after adjustment for possible confounders during the 3\u2010year follow up.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients with AD who were homozygous for the I allele presented with a more rapid AD deterioration than did those who had other <jats:italic>ACE<\/jats:italic> genotypes, particularly those patients without hypertension. <jats:bold>Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 1544\u20131550.<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.12929","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,10]],"date-time":"2016-11-10T14:01:47Z","timestamp":1478786507000},"page":"1544-1550","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Angiotensin\u2010converting enzyme insertion\/deletion polymorphism and the longitudinal progression of Alzheimer's disease"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Ping\u2010Song","family":"Chou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University  Kaohsiung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meng\u2010Ni","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University  Kaohsiung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mei\u2010Chuan","family":"Chou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Kaohsiung Municipal Ta\u2010Tung Hospital  Kaohsiung Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Neurology Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University  Kaohsiung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"I","family":"Chien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Kaohsiung Medical University  Kaohsiung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuan\u2010Han","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Kaohsiung Municipal Ta\u2010Tung Hospital  Kaohsiung Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Neurology Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University  Kaohsiung Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of and Master's Program in Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, College 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