{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T03:22:27Z","timestamp":1782357747358,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"S1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,24]],"date-time":"2017-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1492992000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":23,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Geriatrics Gerontology Int"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our previous work showed that non\u2010pharmacological interventions could effectively reduce the severity of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD), while the factors influencing the effect of intervention were less explored. Therefore, the main purpose of the present study was to investigate the predictors of the non\u2010pharmacological intervention effect for old veterans with dementia and BPSD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 141 old veterans with dementia living in two veterans' homes in northern Taiwan were recruited. The participants received an organized non\u2010pharmacological intervention program of physical activity\/exercise, music therapy, reality orientation, art therapy, reminiscence therapy and horticultural therapy once every week for 6\u00a0months. All participants were evaluated by the Barthel Index, Lawton\u2013Brody Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale, Mini\u2010Mental State Examination, neuropsychiatric inventory (NPI), and the Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia before and after the intervention. Logistic regression was used to investigate factors associated with improvement\/maintenance of cognition (measured by the Mini\u2010Mental State Examination), and improvement of BPSD (measured by NPI) and its subdomains during the intervention period.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the improvement\/maintenance of cognitive function was independently associated with a lower Mini\u2010Mental State Examination score at baseline (odds ratio [OR] 0.88, 95% CI 0.80\u20130.97, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.008), whereas participants with antipsychotic use were less likely to gain the effect (OR 0.42, 95% CI 0.17\u20131.04, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.061). In addition, the improvement of BPSD was associated with a higher baseline total NPI score (OR 1.33, 95% CI 1.15\u20131.55, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001), and the result was consistent in different NPI subdomains (psychotic domain: OR 1.96, 95% CI 0.83\u20134.58, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.123; affective domain: OR 1.63, 95% CI 1.25\u20132.13, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001; behavior domain: OR 2.25, 95% CI 1.53\u20133.30, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001) and caregiver burden (OR 1.63, 95% CI 1.24\u20132.14, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). In addition, a higher Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia score was correlated with an improvement in the NPI behavior domain (OR 1.48, 95% CI 1.01\u20132.18, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.047), whereas participants with hearing impairment had a lower chance of improvement in the NPI behavior domain (OR 0.11, 95% CI 0.01\u20131.23, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.073) and care burden (OR 0.17, 95% CI 0.03\u20130.99, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.050).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our findings show that non\u2010pharmacological intervention programs have a significant effect on reducing overall NPI score, NPI caregiver burden score and NPI subdomains \u2013 psychotic, affective and behavior syndrome \u2013 in old veterans with dementia. In addition, participants with lower cognitive performance, more severe BPSD and depressive symptoms at baseline were more likely to gain benefit from the intervention, whereas antipsychotic use and hearing impairment were negative predictors of improvement of cognition and BPSD, respectively. <jats:bold>Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017: 17 (Suppl. 1): 28\u201335<\/jats:bold>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.13037","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,24]],"date-time":"2017-04-24T08:38:19Z","timestamp":1493023099000},"page":"28-35","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Predictors of non\u2010pharmacological intervention effect on cognitive function and behavioral and psychological symptoms of older people with dementia"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Ting\u2010Jung","family":"Hsu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology Taipei Veterans General Hospital  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui\u2010Te","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology Taipei Veterans General Hospital  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"An\u2010Chun","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology Taipei Veterans General Hospital  Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Aging and Health Research Center National Yang Ming University  Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Institute of Public Health National Yang Ming University  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liang\u2010Yu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology Taipei Veterans General Hospital  Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Aging and Health Research Center National Yang Ming University  Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Institute of Public Health National Yang Ming University  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liang\u2010Kung","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology Taipei Veterans General Hospital  Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Aging and Health Research Center National Yang Ming University  Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Institute of Public Health National Yang Ming University  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2012.00073"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","first-page":"497","article-title":"Behavioral and psychological signs and symptoms of dementia: a consensus statement on current knowledge and implications for research and treatment","volume":"8","author":"Finkel SI","year":"1996","journal-title":"Int Psychogeriatr"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.288.12.1475"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.1316"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2011.11030347"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.12126"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","article-title":"Prediction of institutionalization in the elderly. A systematic review","author":"Luppa M","year":"2009","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.JGP.0000200589.01396.6d"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","first-page":"1269","article-title":"Risperidone (Risperdal): increased rate of cerebrovascular events in dementia trials","volume":"167","author":"Wooltorton E","year":"2002","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.1040539"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.293.5.596"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.294.15.1934"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","unstructured":"Pathway\u2010DementiaN.Dementia: supporting people with dementia and their carers in health and social care NICE guidelines [CG42] published date: November 2006 last updated: April 2014.2006."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.12226","article-title":"American Geriatrics Society identifies five things that healthcare providers and patients should question","volume":"61","author":"Workgroup ACW","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/apt.10.3.171"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/030802260206500203"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.1688"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.12388"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.12080"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-2010-101212"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.54.10.1965"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/218980"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2011.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09540260802099968"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-160181"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.156.1.66"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1099-1166(200102)16:2<139::AID-GPS284>3.0.CO;2-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1533317515588182"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurger.2014.08.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008634.pub2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1996.tb05631.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.108.049619"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09602011.2014.964731"}],"container-title":["Geriatrics &amp; Gerontology International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fggi.13037","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ggi.13037","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,29]],"date-time":"2023-09-29T12:48:37Z","timestamp":1695991717000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/ggi.13037"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"S1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/ggi.13037"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ggi.13037","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1444-1586","1447-0594"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1444-1586","type":"print"},{"value":"1447-0594","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]}}}