{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]],"date-time":"2026-04-25T17:11:18Z","timestamp":1777137078018,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,7]],"date-time":"2017-12-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1512604800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Geriatrics Gerontology Int"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>Going outdoors more frequently is beneficial for maintaining and improving health\u2010related quality of life (HRQOL) among older adults. However, individual differences can alter the effects of going outdoors. The present study aimed to examine whether relationships between going outdoors and HRQOL were moderated by living alone and employment status.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The present study was a secondary analysis of 14\u2010month prospective data (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 613). Variables used in this study were baseline data on the frequency of going outdoors, HRQOL (physical and mental component summary scores assessed using the Japanese version of the Medical Outcomes study Short Form 8\u2010Item Health Survey), living alone, employment status, potential confounders (sex, age, educational level and instrumental activities of daily living) and follow\u2010up data on HRQOL.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mixed models showed that the interaction term of going outdoors and currently living alone on both the physical and mental component summary and that of going outdoors and current employment status on the mental component were significant. Stratified analyses showed that going outdoors more frequently predicted the physical and mental component summary among those who lived with others, and the mental component summary among those who were unemployed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>These results show that the influence of going outdoors on HRQOL was moderated by living alone and employment status. Going outdoors more frequently might be important for the maintenance of HRQOL, especially among unemployed older adults living with others. <jats:bold>Geriatr Gerontol Int 2018; 18: 640\u2013647<\/jats:bold>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.13222","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,8]],"date-time":"2017-12-08T01:26:50Z","timestamp":1512696410000},"page":"640-647","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Frequency of going outdoors and health\u2010related quality of life among older adults: Examining the moderating role of living alone and employment status"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5798-3912","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kazuhiro","family":"Harada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Active Aging Research Hub, Graduate School of Human Development and Environment Kobe University  Kobe 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