{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T05:58:48Z","timestamp":1793426328934,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,13]],"date-time":"2019-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1557705600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Geriatrics Gerontology Int"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To investigate the prevalence and associated factors of cognitive frailty and\n                      <jats:styled-content>cognitive<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      frailty\u2010related falls in community\u2010dwelling older people.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 25 out of 1192 community\u2010dwelling older people aged &gt;70\u2009years with cognitive frailty participated in the present cross\u2010sectional study. Cognitive function was assessed using the Mini\u2010Mental State Examination. Physical function measures included calf circumference, Timed Up and Go (TUG) and usual walking speed. Interviews were carried out to assess Council on Nutrition Appetite Questionnaire (CNAQ); chronic diseases including hypertension, diabetes and falls; as well as physical frailty, defined as having three of five criteria: muscle weakness, slowness, exhaustion, low activity and weight loss.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The prevalence of cognitive frailty was 2.1%. Participants with cognitive frailty had significantly reduced Mini\u2010Mental State Examination and calf circumference; and higher instrumental activities of daily living disability and falls. Old age (OR 1.151, 95% CI 1.053\u20131.257), fall history (OR 3.577, 95% CI 1.381\u20139.263), having four or more chronic diseases (OR 7.419, 95% CI 2.117\u201326.005) and slower TUG (OR 1.234, 95% CI 1.041\u20131.462) were significantly associated with cognitive frailty, whereas greater calf circumference (OR 0.748, 95% CI 0.625\u20130.895) and CNAQ (OR 0.736, 95% CI 0.628\u20130.8631) had protective effects. Old age (OR 1.132, 95% CI 1.002\u20131.280), hospitalization (OR 10.090, 95% CI 2.554\u201339.854), having four or more chronic diseases (OR 5.120, 95% CI 1.113\u201323.557) and slower TUG (OR 1.394, 95% CI 1.167\u20131.665) were significantly associated with cognitive frailty\u2010related falls, whereas CNAQ (OR 0.704, 0.571\u20130.868) had protective effects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Age, chronic disease, TUG and CNAQ were significantly associated with cognitive frailty and cognitive frailty\u2010related falls. The TUG and CNAQ have the greatest potential for improvement by intervention or lifestyle change. Further research is necessary to determine the efficacy of positive changes in these factors for symptomatic improvements.\n                      <jats:bold>Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19: 647\u2013653<\/jats:bold>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.13685","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,13]],"date-time":"2019-05-13T18:44:14Z","timestamp":1557773054000},"page":"647-653","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":88,"title":["Cognitive frailty in community\u2010dwelling older Japanese people: Prevalence and its association with falls"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1614-5477","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hunkyung","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Team for Promoting Independence and Mental Health Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of 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